[MISSION 2023] RTM(Revision through MCQs)- 19 Apr 2023

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• Bose holds the first patent in the world for a solid-state diode detector used to detect electromagnetic waves. He was averse to all forms of patenting through and patented the diode only due to pressure from his colleagues. Refer: https://www.itu.int/itunews/manager/display.asp?lang=en&year=2008&issue=07&ipage=34&ext=html
• J C Bose discovered wireless communication and was named the Father of Radio Science
• He invented Crescograph to measure plant growth
• He did pathbreaking work on the ‘Millimeter range wavelength Microwaves’
• Bose Institute (1917) was established by him at Cambridge University for modern research

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/04/19/jagadish-chandra-bose/

Ans: (a)

Explanation:

• Context: Ministry of Rural Development’s Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana-National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM) launched “Sangathan Se Samridhhi– Leaving no Rural Woman Behind”.
• About the Campaign:
  • It is a national campaign under Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav Samaveshi Vikaas
  • Aim: To mobilize 10 crore women from vulnerable and marginalized rural households under the Self-Help Group (SHG) fold.
  • Currently, 9 crore women already part of the SHG movement
  • Benefits: sharing by SHG champions, mobilizing eligible women, training new SHG members, reviving defunct SHGs, and opening SHG bank accounts

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/04/19/sangathan-se-samriddhi/

Ans: (a)

Explanation:

• It is a centrally sponsored programme, launched by the Ministry of Rural Development in June 2011.
• Aim: To eliminate rural poverty through:
• Promotion of multiple livelihoods
• Improved access to financial services for the rural poor households across the country.
• To reach out to all rural poor households and impact their livelihoods.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/04/19/sangathan-se-samriddhi/

Ans: (a)

Explanation:

• The United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women, also known as UN Women, is a United Nations entity working for gender equality and the empowerment of women. UN Women advocates for the rights of women and girls, and focuses on a wide array of issues, including violence against women and violence against LGBTIQ+ people.
• UN Women was established by the merger of the United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM, established in 1976) and other entities, and became operational in January 2011.
• Option 2: https://archive.unescwa.org/our-work/beijing-declaration-and-platform-action

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/04/19/un-women-4/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• The Agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measures (TRIMs) are rules that are applicable to the domestic regulations a country applies to foreign investors, often as part of an industrial policy. The agreement, concluded in 1994, was negotiated under the WTO’s predecessor, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), and came into force in 1995. The agreement was agreed upon by all members of the World Trade Organization. Trade-Related Investment Measures is one of the four principal legal agreements of the WTO trade treaty.
• TRIMs are rules that restrict preference of domestic firms and thereby enable international firms to operate more easily within foreign markets. Policies such as local content requirements and trade balancing rules that have traditionally been used to both promote the interests of domestic industries and combat restrictive business practices are now banned.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/04/19/wto-panel-rules-against-india/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• Statement 1: It is central to the Mahayana sect of Buddhism.
• In non-Mahayana Buddhism, it usually refers either to Maitreya, the Buddha of the Future, or to the historical Buddha Gautama prior to his enlightenment.
• Statement 2 and 3: A bodhisattva is literally a living being (sattva) who aspires to enlightenment (bodhi) and carries out altruistic practices. The bodhisattva ideal is central to the Mahayana Buddhist tradition as the individual who seeks enlightenment both for him- or herself and for others. Clearly 2 is correct.
• Compassion, an empathetic sharing of the sufferings of others, is the bodhisattva’s greatest characteristic.
• It is held that the bodhisattva makes four vows expressing a determination to work for the happiness of others: “However innumerable sentient beings are, I vow to save them; however inexhaustible the passions are, I vow to master them; however limitless the teachings are, I vow to study them; however infinite the Buddha-truth is, I vow to attain it.”
• Clearly 3 is correct.
• http://www.sgi.org/about-us/buddhism-in-daily-life/bodhisattva.html

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/04/18/global-buddhist-summit/

Ans: (c )

Explanation:

• Most favoured nation (MFN) clause ensures non-discrimination between WTO member states in matters of trade.
• Anti-dumping and export subsidies are related to trade measures and trade protection that come under WTO.
• Providing financial support to the countries having deficit balance of payments comes within the ambit of IMF.
• Reduction of trade barriers within regional groupings comes under the Regional trade agreements under WTO.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/04/19/wto-panel-rules-against-india/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• The Indian Bureau of Mines (IBM) is a subordinate office under the Ministry of Mines.
• India has a long history of commercial coal mining covering nearly 220 years starting from 1774 by M/s Sumner and Heatly of East India Company in the Raniganj Coalfield along the Western bank of river Damodar.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/04/19/indian-bureau-of-mines/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• The toque macaque is endemic to Sri Lanka and classified as Endangered (IUCN). It is reddish-brown-coloured. The most characteristic feature is the toque-like swirl of hair on its head top.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/04/19/toque-macaques/

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• The Holocene extinction, otherwise referred to as the Sixth extinction or Anthropocene extinction, is the ongoing extinction event of species during the present Holocene epoch, mainly as a result of human activity.
• The large number of extinctions spans numerous families of plants and animals, including mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles and arthropods.
• With widespread degradation of highly bio-diverse habitats such as coral reefs and rainforests, as well as other areas, the vast majority of these extinctions is thought to be undocumented, as we are either not even aware of the existence of the species before they go extinct, or we haven’t yet discovered their extinction.
• The current rate of extinction of species is estimated at 100 to 1,000 times higher than natural background rates.
• Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocene_extinction#Overexploitation
• https://www.insightsonindia.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Insights-PT-2018-Exclusive-Environment-1.pdf

Refer: UPSC CSE 2018