DAY – 37 (InstaTest-37): Insta 75 Days Revision Plan-2023: Topic – ART & CULTURE, Subject-wise Test – 28 Text Book based Test – 11 March 2023 CA

Solution: C

Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Amendment Rules, 2022.

The amended rules provide for the establishment of Grievance Appellate Committee(s) to allow users to appeal against the inaction of or decisions taken by Grievance Officers of intermediaries on user complaints. In case of failure to follow diligence as provided in the said rules, by intermediaries, they shall lose their exemption from liability under section 79 of the IT Act and shall be liable for consequential action as provided in such law.

Hon’ble Union Minister of State of Electronics & IT launched the ‘Grievance Appellate Committee (GAC)’ Portal to ensure Accountability for Digital Nagriks. Designed & developed by NIC, the portal allows users to appeal against decisions taken by social media platforms to take down or retain content posted by users.

Solution: A

‘Anmol Jeevan Abhiyan’: How a simple innovation tankas saves women’s lives in Rajasthan’s Barmer

In Rajasthan’s Barmer district, there has been a surge in cases of women allegedly jumping to their deaths with their children in tanks and wells following marital disputes.

In response, the district administration, UNICEF, and Action Aid have launched the ‘Anmol Jeevan Abhiyan’ (Precious Life Campaign), which encourages the addition of hand pumps and locked covers to the large tanks or ‘tankas’ traditionally built for collecting rainwater in the rural areas.

• The hand pumps serve a dual purpose of preventing accidents and suicides while also providing water.
• The closure of the tankas with locked covers reduces the accessibility and prompts those with suicidal tendencies to have second thoughts.

Solution: C

What is the News Broadcasting & Digital Standards Authority (NBDSA)?

The NBDSA is an independent body set up by the News Broadcasters & Digital Association (NBDA), which serves as a representative of private television news, current affairs and digital broadcasters. It describes itself as “the collective voice of the news, current affairs and digital broadcasters in India.”

Funded entirely by its members, the NBDA has 26 news and current affairs broadcasters (comprising 119 news and current affairs channels) as its members. Various senior members of Indian media organisations serve on its Board of Directors.

How does the NBDSA function, and what powers does it have?

Within this structure, the NBDSA has to “lay-down and foster high standards, ethics and practices in news broadcasting, including entertaining and deciding complaints against or in respect of broadcasters”. These standards mention a focus on objectivity, impartiality, maintaining discretion when reporting on crime against women and children, not endangering national security, etc.

The body includes a Chairperson who is to be an eminent jurist, and other members such as news editors, and those experienced in the field of law, education, literature, public administration, etc. nominated by a majority of the Board.

The Authority may initiate proceedings on its own and issue notice or take action in respect to any matter which falls within its regulations. This can also be through complaints referred to the Authority by the Ministry of Information & Broadcasting or any other governmental body, or by anyone else via its website

Solution: D

“SWAYATT”, an initiative to promote Start-ups, Women and Youth Advantage Through eTransactions on Government eMarketplace (GeM).

The initiative to promote “Start-ups, Women and Youth Advantage Through eTransactions” (SWAYATT) on GeM was first launched in February 2019. The intent of SWAYATT 2019 was to promote inclusiveness of various categories of sellers and service providers on the portal, by taking proactive steps to facilitate their training and registrations of such specific category of manufacturers and sellers, develop women entrepreneurship and encourage participation of MSME sector and Start-ups in public procurement.

Government e Marketplace (GeM) – GeM is a Section 8 company setup under the administrative control of the Department of Commerce, Ministry of Commerce and Industry, for procurement of goods and services by Central Ministries, State Departments, PSEs and Autonomous Bodies. Social inclusion is a core value at GeM and we are focused on increasing participation from under-served sellers who face challenges in public procurement.

Solution: B

Japan’s Asia Energy Transition Initiative (AETI), launched in 2021, initially supported the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries towards achieving net zero emissions, including financial assistance of $10 billion for renewable energy.

Japan now looks forward to supporting India’s clean energy transition by including the country in the AETI.

Solution: A

What is the SWAMIH investment fund?

The Special Window for Affordable and Mid-Income Housing (SWAMIH) Investment Fund I is a social impact fund specifically formed for completing stressed and stalled residential projects.

The Fund is sponsored by the Ministry of Finance, Government of India, and is managed by SBICAP Ventures Ltd., a State Bank Group company.

Since the Fund considers first-time developers, established developers with troubled projects, developers with a poor track record of stalled projects, customer complaints and NPA accounts, and even projects where there are litigation issues, it is considered as the lender of last resort for distressed projects. The Fund’s presence in a project often acts as a catalyst for better collections and sales primarily in projects that were delayed for years.

According to the Finance Ministry, SWAMIH Fund has one of the largest domestic real estate private equity teams focused only on funding and monitoring the completion of stressed housing projects.

Solution: A

Liberalised Remittance Scheme

What is the Liberalised Remittance Scheme (LRS) of USD 2,50,000 ?

Ans. Under the Liberalised Remittance Scheme, all resident individuals, including minors, are allowed to freely remit up to USD 2,50,000 per financial year (April – March) for any permissible current or capital account transaction or a combination of both. Further, resident individuals can avail of foreign exchange facility for the purposes mentioned in Para 1 of Schedule III of FEM (CAT) Amendment Rules 2015, dated May 26, 2015, within the limit of USD 2,50,000 only.

The Scheme was introduced on February 4, 2004, with a limit of USD 25,000. The LRS limit has been revised in stages consistent with prevailing macro and micro economic conditions.

In case of remitter being a minor, the LRS declaration form must be countersigned by the minor’s natural guardian. The Scheme is not available to corporates, partnership firms, HUF, Trusts etc.

Solution: D

The folk music and dances of agricultural communities celebrate the rhythms of daily life, the turn of the seasons, the highlights of the agricultural calendar, religious festivals and important events that punctuate the flow of life, such as births and marriages. While folk music and dance share common themes and concerns, there is a wide variety of forms. Women perform the Giddha, also characterised by its spontaneous energy. Rajasthani women, their faces covered with flowing veils, are swirls of colour as they pirouette in the Ghoomar dance, while their counterparts in Gujarat perform the famous Garba, dancing in a circle with batons. Their men perform the Dandiya Ras, a more vigorous version of the same dance, leaping and crouching in twirling patterns. In the fishing communities of Maharashtra, men and women link arms and dance together and the women climb on to the men’s shoulders to form pyramids. The women’s Lavani dance from this area is notable for its unabashed sensuality. There are also several forms of dance-drama or folk theatre, such as the Nautanki of Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, the Bhavai of Gujarat, the irreverent Tamasha of Maharashtra , the Bengali Jatra, the spectacular Yakshagana of Karnataka and Theyyam of Kerala, all of which narrate legends of local heroes, kings and deities.

Solution: B

Martial art forms throughout the country have been stylized to quasi dance forms, notable among which are the martial dances of the North-eastern hill tribes, the Lazim dances of Maharashtra, the Kalaripayattu of Kerala, and the highly stylized masked Chhau dances of Orissa, West Bengal and Bihar.

Solution: D

The earliest treatise on dance available to us is Bharat Muni’s Natyashastra, the source book of the art of drama, dance and music. It is generally accepted that the date of the work is between the 2nd century B.C.E- 2nd century C.E. The Natyashastra is also known as the fifth veda. According to the author, he has evolved this veda by taking words from the Rigveda, music from the Samaveda, gestures from the Yajurveda and emotions from the Atharvaveda. There is also a legend that Brahma himself wrote the Natyaveda, which has over 36,000 verses.

The Natya Shastra is a comprehensive work mainly dealing with dramaturgy. But a few chapters of this deal with music. Therein we get information on scales, melodic forms, tala and musical instruments. The then contemporary music recognized two standard scales. These were called gramas. The word grama is itself perhaps derivable from the idea of group or sect: a village, for instance. This probably lead to a set of svaras or notes being calledgrama. This could roughly be translated as scales. There were then two gramas prevalent. One was called the Shadja grama, the other one was the Madhyama grama. The difference between the two was only in one note, the panchama. To speak more accurately. we say that the panchama in madhyama grama was one sruti lower than the panchama in shadja grama.

Solution: A

As per the ancient treatises, dance is considered as having three aspects: natya, nritya and nritta. Natya highlights the dramatic element and most dance forms do not give emphasis to this aspect today with the exception of dance-drama forms like Kathakali. Nrityais essentially expressional, performed specifically to convey the meaning of a theme or idea. Nritta on the other hand, is pure dance where body movements do not express any mood (bhava), nor do they convey any meaning. To present nritya and natya effectively, a dancer should be trained to communicate the navarasas. These are: love (shringaara), mirth (haasya), compassion (karuna), valour(veera), anger (roudra), fear (bhayanak), disgust (bibhatsa), wonder (adbhuta) and peace (shaanta).

Solution: D

The Sattriya dance form was introduced in the 15th century A.D by the great Vaishnava saint and reformer of Assam, Mahapurusha Sankaradeva as a powerful medium for propagation of the Vaishnava faith. The dance form evolved and expanded as a distinctive style of dance later on. This neo-Vaishnava treasure of Assamese dance and drama has been, for centuries, nurtured and preserved with great commitment by the Sattras i.e. Vaishnava maths or monasteries. Because of its religious character and association with the Sattras, this dance style has been aptly named Sattriya.

Sankaradeva introduced this dance form by incorporating different elements from various treatises, local folk dances with his own rare outlook. There were two dance forms prevalent in Assam before the neo-Vaishnava movement such as Ojapali and Devadasi with many classical elements.

Other visible influences on Sattriya dance are those from Assamese folk dances namely Bihu, Bodos etc. Many hand gestures and rhythmic syllables are strikingly similar in these dance forms.

Sattriya dance tradition is governed by strictly laid down principles in respect of hastamudras, footworks, aharyas, music etc.

Solution: B

Dhrupad

The meaning of the term dhrupad as “the literal rendering of verse into music” essentially suggests that dhrupad songs have a particular impact on both audience and the performer. It is the oldest and considered to be the grandest form of Hindustani vocal music. Its roots are traced back to older forms like the Prabandha and the Dhruvapada. Dhrupad was essentially devotional and prior to the reign of Akbar, temples used to be the only place where it could be performed. However, dhrupad catapulted into fame and reached its climax in Akbar’s reign when stalwarts like Swami Haridas, Baba Gopal Das, Tansen and Baiju Bawra performed it. It was further adapted for court performance during the reign of Raja Man Singh Tomar (1486-1517) of Gwalior. Great contributors in developing and evolving dhrupad were Swami Haridas and his disciple Tansen. However, it began its downward journey from the 18th century.

Although originally dhrupad compositions were written in Sanskrit, they are usually written in Braj Bhasha, and sometimes in Punjabi, Rajasthani, Bengali and Urdu.

Solution: A

Rod Puppets

Rod puppets are an extension of glove-puppets, but often much larger and supported and manipulated by rods from below. This form of puppetry now is found mostly in West Bengal and Orissa.

Putul Nautch, West Bengal

Yampuri, Bihar

Glove Puppets

Pavakoothu, Kerala

Shadow Puppets

Togalu Gombeyatta, Karnataka

Tholu Bommalata, Andhra Pradesh

Ravanachhaya, Odisha

Solution: C

Similarities and Differences between ‘Hindustani’ and ‘Carnatic’ music

Although there are many similarities between the Hindustani and Carnatic music, there are a few differentiating features also. Both the styles are monophonic, follow a melodic line and employ a drone (tanpura) with the help of one or two notes against the melody. Definite scales are adopted by both the styles to define a raga but the Carnatic style employs srutis or semitones to create a raga and thus have many more ragas than the Hindustani style. Carnatic ragas more or less differ from Hindustani ragas, with their names also different in Hindustani and Carnatic music. However, there are some ragas in Carnatic music which have the same scale as Hindustani ragas but have different names; such as Hindolam and Malkauns, Shankarabharanam and Bilawal. There is a third category of ragas like Hamsadhwani, Charukeshi, Kalavati, etc. that are essentially Carnatic Ragas. They have the same name, follow the same scale (having same set of notes) but can be rendered in the two distinctively different Carnatic and Hindustani styles. Unlike Hindustani music, Carnatic music does not adhere to time or samay concepts. Furthermore, instead of thaats, Carnatic music follows the Melakarta concept.

Solution: D

Abul Hasan Yaminuddin, better known as Amir Khusrau (1252-1325)

Khusrau had a unique distinction of serving with many princes, chiefs, and emperors like Malik Alauddin Kashlu Khan alias Malik Chhajju, Bughra Khan, Khan Mohammad, Sardar Hatim Khan, Kaikobad, Jalaluddin Firoze Khilji, Alauddin Khilji, Qutbuddin Mubarak Shah, Gheyasuddin Tughlaq and Mohammad Tughlaq. Even while he held high positions in several courts, he remained a devoted disciple of Hazrat Nizamuddin from whom he sought his spiritual strength, and at whose feet he lies buried.

Solution: A

Kathputli

The traditional string puppets of the Rajasthan area known as Kathputli, which derives its name from ‘kath’ meaning wood and ‘putli’ meaning doll. The puppets are covered in traditionally bright Rajasthani dress. The show is accompanied by a dramatic folk music. A unique feature of the puppets is the absence of legs. The strings are attached to the finger of the puppeteer.

Kundhei

The string puppets of Odisha are known as Kundhei. They are made of light wood and are dressed in long skirts. The puppets have more joints, thus giving the puppeteer more flexibility. The strings are attached to a triangular prop. There is a marked influence of Odissi dance on Kundhei puppet shows.

Solution: B

UNESCOS’s Representative list of the intangible cultural heritage of humanity

Koodiyattam (Sanskrit theatre), included in 2008 It is a combined dance drama conducted by the Chakyars (a subcaste among Hindus) who play the male caste traditionally in the State of Kerala. The women of the Nambiar caste play the female roles. The performance lasts from 6 to 20 days. They are mainly enacted inside the temples and the theme is based on Hindu mythology.

The character “Vidushaka” explains in simple Malayalam the background of the story and gives a live image of the characters in the minds of the audiences. All others characters perform using the Sanskrit language. Mizhavu is the major musical instrument used here.

Solution: C

Dadasaheb Phalke who produced the film titled Raja Harishchandra in 1913 made the first indigenous Indian silent film. He is known as the father of Indian cinema and is credited with films like Mohini Bhasmasur and Satyavan Savitri. He is also credited for making the first box office hit titled Lanka Dahan in 1917.

Solution: D

Aryabhatta in around 499 AD wrote Aryabhattiya in which the concepts of mathematics as well as astronomy were explicitly mentioned. The book had four sections: Method of denoting big decimal numbers by alphabets Number theory, geometry, trigonometry and .Bijaganita

On Astronomy

In the Aryabhatta’s book, the aims of studying astronomy were:

1. To get the accuracy of Calendars.
2. To know about the climate and rainfall patterns. Navigation.
3. To look at the horoscope.
4. To have the knowledge about the tides and stars.
5. This helped in crossing deserts and seas by indicating the direction during night times

Solution: A

The biggest network of canals known in India until the 19th century was created by Sultan Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq of the Tughlaq dynasty.

Sultan Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq was a capable ruler who made many significant contributions to the development of infrastructure in the Delhi Sultanate. He was particularly interested in irrigation and the expansion of agricultural land. Under his reign, many canals were built to supply water to the agricultural lands of the sultanate. The most famous among them was the Western Yamuna Canal, which was constructed in 1327 and extended for over 300 miles.

The Western Yamuna Canal was a major engineering feat and involved the construction of several dams, reservoirs, and aqueducts. It supplied water to the fertile plains of modern-day Haryana and Rajasthan and helped to transform these areas into important agricultural centers.

The canal network built by Sultan Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq was also significant for its economic impact. It helped to increase agricultural productivity and generate more revenue for the Delhi Sultanate. This, in turn, helped to strengthen the economy and improve the living standards of the people.

Solution: B

Grey hydrogen is produced using fossil fuels, such as natural gas, and is not considered environmentally friendly due to its high carbon footprint.

Green hydrogen. Green hydrogen is produced using renewable energy sources, such as wind or solar power, and is considered the most environmentally friendly type of hydrogen.

Blue hydrogen is produced using fossil fuels, but captures and stores the resulting carbon emissions to reduce its carbon footprint. It is considered to be a transitional fuel on the path to greener forms of hydrogen.

Brown hydrogen is produced using biomass, such as agricultural waste, and is considered a sustainable form of hydrogen production. However, it is not yet widely used due to its relatively high cost.

Solution: D

DLT is a decentralized database system that allows for secure and transparent record-keeping, while traditional databases are centralized and require trust in a third-party entity to maintain the integrity of the data.

Examples of DLT-based platforms include Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Ripple, which are being used for payment processing, supply chain management, and other applications in industries such as finance, healthcare, and logistics.

DLT is vulnerable to phishing attacks. Mitigating these risks involves implementing secure key management, multi-factor authentication, and other security measures.

Solution: B

A 51% attack, also known as a majority attack, refers to a potential vulnerability in some blockchain-based systems where a single entity or group of entities gain control of the majority of the network’s computing power or mining power. With this control, the attacker can potentially manipulate the blockchain by creating fraudulent transactions, reversing legitimate transactions, or preventing new transactions from being validated.

Double-spending refers to the act of spending the same digital currency more than once. This is a potential vulnerability of digital currencies, as digital assets can be copied and transmitted instantaneously, making it possible for someone to spend the same digital currency more than once. Double-spending destroys and compromises the technological basis of a blockchain.

Solution: A

“PhulamGamosa” is a traditional Assamese handwoven cloth that is often used as a towel, scarf, or headwear. It has a cultural significance in Assam, India, and is considered a symbol of the Assamese identity.

Ans. A.

The passage talks about the need to give security to man. Security here is interpreted not only in terms of physical security, but also political and social security which can be done by granted social and political freedom to citizens. Hence A.

Answer. D.

The passage seeks to highlight the problem of food security likely to emanate in the coming due to an increase in the number of mouths to feed. This is best captured by option D. Hence D

Solution: c

Explanation:

Between 2^nd year and 4^th year the principle has gained the interest of two years.

The Simple Interest gained in two years = 2232 – 2016 = Rs.216

Principle = 2016 – 216 = Rs.1800

We know,

SI = PTR/100

108 =

R = 6%

Correct Answer: D

Let the sum be Rs. x.

Then we can write: [{x×10×7}/ {100×2}] – [{x×12×5}/{100×2}] = 40.

This can be written as: 7x/20 – 3x / 10 = 40.

Therefore we have x = Rs. 800

Correct Answer: B

The Simple after three years for 10% is 30%.

The Compound Interest after three years for 10% is 1.1*1.1*1.1=1.331

Cumulative rate of compound interest = 33.1%

Difference between SI and CI= 3.1%

Principal = 930*100/3.1= 30000