NOTE: Please remember that following ‘answers’ are NOT ‘model answers’. They are NOT synopsis too if we go by definition of the term. What we are providing is content that both meets demand of the question and at the same
General Studies – 1
Topic: Post-independence consolidation and reorganization within the country.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Down to Earth , Insights on India
Why the question:
The demand for water resources has increased over the past decades due to dwindling water supplies, rising population, urbanisation and inadequate water management in developing countries. Increased demand and scarcity of this vital resource have sparked a desire to control water resources, creating a breeding ground for conflict.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the significance and shortcomings of Indus Water Treaty between India and Pakistan.
Directive word:
Critically analyze – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary. When ‘critically’ is suffixed or prefixed to a directive, one needs to look at the good and bad of the topic and give a balanced judgment on the topic.Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving context about the Indus Water Treaty.
Body:
First, write about the major provisions of the Indus Water Treaty between India and Pakistan.
Next, write about the successes of Indus Water Treaty in ensuring peaceful coexistence despite troubled relations between the both countries and its significance.
Next, write about the various issues in the Indus Water Treaty which have affected both the parties and possible solutions to it. Write how the treaty has limited the development of Jammu and Kashmir.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward.
Introduction
The Indus Waters Treaty is a water-distribution treaty between India and Pakistan, brokered by the World Bank, to use the water available in the Indus River and its tributaries. The Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) was signed in Karachi on 19 September 1960 by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru and Ayub Khan.
Body
About Indus Water Treaty
The Treaty gives control over the waters of
- The three “eastern rivers” — the Beas, Ravi and Sutlej with a mean annual flow of 33 million acre- feet (MAF) — to India
- The three “western rivers” — the Indus, Chenab and Jhelum with a mean annual flow of 80 MAF — to Pakistan. India was allocated about 18% of the total water carried by the Indus system while Pakistan was allocated the remainder.
The treaty allows India to use the western river waters for limited irrigation use and unlimited non- consumptive use for such applications as power generation, navigation, floating of property, fish culture, etc. Seen as one of the most successful international treaties, IWT has survived frequent tensions, including conflict, and has provided a framework for irrigation and hydropower development for more than half a century.
The Treaty sets out a mechanism for cooperation and information exchange between the two countries regarding their use of the rivers, known as the Permanent Indus Commission, which has a commissioner from each country. The Treaty also sets forth distinct procedures to handle issues which may arise:
- “questions” are handled by the Commission;
- “differences” are to be resolved by a Neutral Expert; and
- “disputes” are to be referred to a seven-member arbitral tribunal called the “Court of Arbitration.”
Issues faced by Jammu Kashmir residents
- One of the few instances of a significant international river basin conflict being resolved in South Asia is the IWT, signed by India and Pakistan in 1960.
- However, the J&K region’s residents claim that the treaty prevents them from utilising their own water resources, significantly impacting the UT’s growth.
- This indicates the widespread resentment among the residents over the existence of IWT.
- Jammu and Kashmir’s economy is mainly dependent on agriculture. Nearly 70% of the people here depend on agriculture for their income, directly or indirectly.
- The UT’s irrigation system has merely improved over the years. In Kashmir, the primary irrigation method (canal) has seen a dismal development.
- The region’s hydropower potential, which will give its economy a powerful boost, is not fully realised.
- Of the potential hydropower capacity (20,000 MW), only 3,263.46 MW/19.80% have been used so far.
- IWT only allows for run-of-the-river projects that do not affect the riparian rights of Pakistan.
Conclusion and way forward
- India has not fully utilised its rights over the waters of the Indus system.
- Over the last few years, especially since the Uri attack, there has been a growing demand in India to use the IWT as a strategic tool, considering that India has a natural advantage being the upper riparian state. In the aftermath of the Uri attack, Prime Minister Narendra Modi had said, ‘blood & water can’t flow together at the same time.’
- Accordingly, India has been working to start several big and small hydroelectric projects that had either been stalled or were in the planning stages.
The treaty has remained “uninterrupted” because India respects its signatory and values transboundary rivers as an important connector in the region in terms of both diplomacy and economic prosperity.
General Studies – 2
Topic: Development processes and the development industry —the role of NGOs, SHGs, various groups and associations, donors, charities, institutional and other stakeholders.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Indian Express , Deccan Herald
Why the question:
The ‘Amul versus Nandini’ political slugfest has spooked the BJP, forcing top party leaders to step in and douse the row that erupted just a month before the Karnataka Assembly polls.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the importance of cooperatives and reasons for its success in India.
Directive word:
Critically examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we have to look into the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications. When ‘critically’ is suffixed or prefixed to a directive, one needs to look at the good and bad of the topic and give a fair judgment.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving the aims and objectives of cooperatives and their origin.
Body:
Body:
First, write about the significance of cooperatives – Mention the role of Cooperatives in linking the local business men/ farmer to the mainstream multi-million marketplace, giving the right forum to reap benefits of collective demand and supply in terms of financing, local level policy negotiations etc and promoting economic and social upliftment. Cite examples to substantiate.
Next, write about the reasons for success of cooperative movement – Economic growth and the increase in disposable incomes have played an important role in the growth of cooperatives in India. micro level implementation, good execution of policies and procedures etc.
Next, write about the limitations of cooperative movement.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
Introduction
A cooperative is an autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet their common economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly-owned and democratically controlled. The need for profitability is balanced by the needs of the members and the wider interest of the community
Body
Importance of cooperatives:
- India is an agricultural country and laid the foundation of World’s biggest cooperative movement in the world.
- For instance, Amul deals with 16 million milk producers, 1,85,903 dairy cooperatives; 222 district cooperative milk unions; marketed by 28 state marketing federations.
- There are over 8 lakh cooperatives of all shapes and sizes across sectors in India
- In India, a Co-operative based economic development model is very relevant where each member works with a spirit of responsibility.
- It provides agricultural credits and funds where state and private sectors have not been able to do very much.
- It provides strategic inputs for the agricultural-sector; consumer societies meet their consumption requirements at concessional rates.
- It is an organization for the poor who wish to solve their problems collectively.
- It softens the class conflicts and reduces the social cleavages.
- It reduces the bureaucratic evils and follies of political factions;
- It overcomes the constraints of agricultural development;
- It creates a conducive environment for small and cottage industries.
For marginalized section in particular:
- Increased Income: A study conducted on Women Dairy Cooperative Society (WDCS) members across Rajasthan showed that with the income generated through dairying, 31% of the women had converted their mud houses to cement structures, while 39% had constructed concrete sheds for their cattle.
- Provides Leadership lessons: Importantly, women-led cooperatives also provide fertile ground for grooming women from rural areas for leadership positions.
- Breaks barriers: In many instances, this becomes the first step for women in breaking free from traditional practices.
- Defeats Information Asymmetry: The presence of collectives in the form of cooperatives and milk unions plays a significant role in enhancing the knowledge and bargaining power of women
- Set up business chain: Cooperatives enhance backward and forward linkages in the dairy value chain, paving the way for freeing small farmers from the clutches of middlemen, and guaranteed minimum procurement price for milk.
- A study by the International Development Research Centre (IDRC)indicates that 93% of women farmers who receive training alongside financial support succeed in their ventures, compared to the 57% success rate of those who receive financial aid alone.
- According to latest data, there are more than 1,90,000 dairy cooperative societies across the country, with approximately 6 million women members.
Way forward:
- Principle of the cooperative movement is to unite everyone, even while remaining anonymous. The cooperative movement has the capacity to solve people’s problems.
- The pandemic seems to have increased the significance of community effort.
- Reducing vaccine hesitancy, providing food to those waiting outside hospitals and, most importantly, looking after orphaned childrenare imperatives crying out for the cooperative model.
- Implementing the steps provided by the Vaidyanathan committeeon credit cooperative societies.
- The idea of cooperatives must take the agenda beyond agriculture, milk, credit and housing cooperatives
- New areas are emerging with the advancement of technology and cooperative societies can play a huge role in making people familiar with those areas and technologies.
- There is a need to create more cooperatives with women at the helm of it.
- The irregularities in cooperatives need to be checked and the need of the hour is to have rules and stricter implementationof same.
Topic: Important International institutions, agencies and fora- their structure, mandate.
Difficulty level: Tough
Reference: Live Mint , Insights on India
Why the question:
For the Bretton Woods twins to retain their heft, they should raise their game to serve the world better.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the drawbacks of WB and IMF and suggest possible reforms in it.
Directive word:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving context.
Body:
First, in brief, write about the major aspects of global economy that WB and IMF deal with.
Next, using facts and figures to substantiate, give the successes and limitations of WB and IMF in regards to – voting rights, dominance by global north, foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world etc.
Next, suggest possible reforms that are needed in the IMF.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
Introduction
The trend towards global governance has been most prominent in the economic sphere, where it has been associated with the Bretton Woods System that emerged in the aftermath of WWII. The major factor for its emergence was the desire not to return to the economic instability and chaos of the inter-war period.
Body
Evolution and aftermath of Bretton Woods
- International Monetary Fund (IMF): Its chief purpose was to encourage international cooperation in the monetary field by removing foreign exchange restrictions, stabilising exchange rates and facilitating a multilateral payment system between countries.
- However, post transition from fixed to floating exchange rates, IMF increasingly focussed on lending to the developing countries.
- The most controversial aspect of the loans was the conditionalities associated with it which required recipient countries to introduce structural adjustment programmes based on faith in market fundamentalism.
- This led to one size fits all application of neoliberal principles. ▪ Although ‘structural adjustment programmes’ sometimes produced benefits (as in South Korea), they often created more harm to developing countries due to the destabilising impact of shock therapy market reforms such as increased poverty and employment (by rolling back states), opened fragile economies to foreign competition etc.
- World Bank (WB): It provided low interest loans to support major investment projects as well as provided technical assistance and thus focussed on promoting development.
- However, in emphasising the need to promote growth by expanding trade, WB helped to maintain dependency and poverty.
- Development disparities thus became entrenched and during 1990s widened through a structural imbalance in trade that allowed developed countries to grow rich by selling high price, capital intensive goods, while developing countries sold low-price, labour-intensive goods.
Need for reforms
- Reformed Bretton Woods institutions– the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank Group (WBG) and the World Trade Organisation (WTO) – a Bretton Woods 2.0 is what the world needs for the 21st century.
- While these institutions performed well over their first 50 years – they have been struggling in more recent times as problems of rising inequality, financial instability and protectionism have re-emerged.
- The threat of climate change and ecological stress, rising disasters and a more interconnected world with new threats like cyber-security and pandemics require a new international financial architecture.
- A modernised and reshaped set of Bretton Woods institutions to help address and mitigate these challenges, with three R’s – a revised global remit and the mandate to monitor agreed global rules and enhanced resources not only to help individual countries but also to address global problems. If this is a bridge too far in today’s fractured world a Bretton Woods 1.5 with enhanced remit and resources is proposed.
Reforms necessary to be taken
- First, at its centre will sit three reshaped and revitalised global institutions -the IMF, WBG and the WTO. The IMF will be tasked with macroeconomic policy and financial stability. This will include much stricter and enhanced surveillance of the advanced economies and the spillover effects of their policies to better understand and hopefully predict the global crisis and help less advanced economies.
- It is beginning to drift into areas of support – for poverty, gender and climate change which are better addressed by other agencies.
- A restructured WBG will make sustainability and shared prosperity (to address rising inequality) its major goals and it will need to use its capital base to leverage private capital more effectively. It must also be able to help within the country but be better able to address global good and bad by working closely with others. It should be a wholesaler not a retailer of finance. For example, the WHO on better-coordinated pandemic response to give an example.
- Finally, we need a strengthened WTO which stands not just for genuinely fair trade with speedier processes for dispute resolution and flexibility and authority to respond to emergencies more expeditiously. Progress made at the 12th MC in Geneva on several issues opens the path towards progress on a strengthened WTO.
- Second, the system also needs more automatic and rule-based agreed financing mechanisms. The current system of ex-post and discretionary response has delayed the ability to help and made it more politicised.
Conclusion
For the Bretton Woods twins to retain their heft, they should raise their game to serve the world better. Being US-backed may no longer be the asset it was. As the US is no longer an upholder of free trade, the duo might also need to worry about “common prosperity” coming to be seen as a Chinese proposition globally. How effectively and quickly the two multilateral lenders are reformed could make a big difference, as also whether they are widely seen to be serving everybody’s best interests rather than just the West’s own.
General Studies – 3
Topic: Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, Nano-technology, biotechnology and issues relating to intellectual property rights.
Difficulty level: Easy
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 3 and mentioned as part of Mission-2023 Secure timetable.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the gene therapy, its scope and concerns associated with the technology.
Directive word:
Explain – Clarify the topic by giving a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by briefly defining gene therapy.
Body:
First, in brief, explain the mechanism of the working of gene therapy and its types.
Next, write about the scope of gene therapy – influencing the course of various genetic and acquired disorders at the genetic level.
Next, write about the various concerns associated with the gene therapy – cost, ethical concerns, procedural difficulties etc.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward to overcome the concerns.
Introduction
Gene therapy is a medical approach that treats or prevents disease by correcting the underlying genetic problem. Gene therapy techniques allow doctors to treat a disorder by altering a person’s genetic makeup instead of using drugs or surgery.
A newer technique, called genome editing (an example of which is CRISPR-Cas9), uses a different approach to correct genetic differences. Instead of introducing new genetic material into cells, genome editing introduces molecular tools to change the existing DNA in the cell.
Body
Gene therapy: Mechanism
- Gene therapy works by altering the genetic code to recover the functions of critical proteins. Proteins are the workhorses of the cell and the structural basis of the body’s tissues.
- The instructions for making proteins are carried in a person’s genetic code, and variants (or mutations) in this code can impact the production or function of proteins that may be critical to how the body works.
- Fixing or compensating for disease-causing genetic changes may recover the role of these important proteins and allow the body to function as expected.
Types
- Somatic Gene Therapy: Effects will not be transferred to next generation
- Germline Gene Therapy: Effects transferred to next generation
Scope of gene therapy
- Fix a genetic alteration underlying a disorder, so the gene can function properly.
- Turn on a gene to help fight a disease.
- Turn off a gene that is functioning improperly.
- Remove a piece of DNA that is impairing gene function and causing disease.
Gene therapies are being used to treat a small number of diseases, including an eye disorder called Leber congenital amaurosis and a muscle disorder called spinal muscular atrophy
various concerns associated with the gene therapy
- Human embryo editing research may not be adequately controlled, leaving it open to a lab somewhere to create gene-edited babies.
- Some of the key scientists in this field have concerns about the potential misuse of a technology that could be used for eugenics, to create genetic discrimination.
- But even in agriculture, genetic modification is a subject of major debate, especially in developing countries, including India.
- Most of the ethical discussions related to genome editing center around human germline editing. This is because changes made in the germline would be passed down to future generations.
- There is also debate that, ecological disequilibrium can be caused by gene editing.
- Due to the possibility of off-target effects (edits in the wrong place) and mosaicism (when some cells carry the edit but others do not), safety is of primary concern.
Conclusion
Human civilization has always progressed by interfering with the natural evolutionary process. In this process, the application of Gene Editing is inevitable. However, to prevent it from being a disruptive force, it is better to regulate it.
India does not have a comprehensive gene editing policy in place, though germline gene editing is banned in line with international norms. Yet, in the face of persisting diseases and crippling human conditions, divine intervention may sometimes need to be supplemented with genetic ones in a carefully regulated environment.
Topic: Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, Nano-technology, biotechnology and issues relating to intellectual property rights.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: en.wikipedia.org
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 3 and mentioned as part of Mission-2023 Secure timetable.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about 3D bioprinting, its potential and limitations.
Directive word:
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by defining 3D bioprinting
Body:
First, write about potential applications of 3D bioprinting – tissue engineering, drug discovery and testing, disease modelling, and personalized medicine etc.
Next, write about the limitations of 3D bioprinting – complexity and scalability of the process, quality control issues, and high costs.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward.
Introduction
3D bioprinting is an additive manufacturing process where organic and biological materials such as living cells and nutrients are combined to create artificial structures that imitate natural human tissues. These biomaterials are called bioinks, and they mimic the composition of our tissues.
In other words, bioprinting is a type of 3D printing that can potentially produce anything from bone tissue and blood vessels to living tissues for various medical applications, including tissue engineering and drug testing and development.
Body
Bioprinted structures, such as organs-on-chips, can be used to study functions of a human body outside the body, in 3D. The geometry of a 3D bioprinted structure is more similar to that of a naturally occurring biological system than an in vitro 2D model. Structural similarity can in turn lead to functional results that are more physiologically relevant. No other technology enables the level of geometric complexity in engineering tissues that 3D bioprinting enables. That is why this technology has the potential to completely change the way we treat diseases – by replacing animal testing and ending the organ transplant waiting list.
Potential in healthcare
- The products obtained from bioprinting technologies can mimic both the biological and functional properties of our bodies’ natural-occurring structures and tissues.
- This can potentially lead to different kinds of applications, but today there’s only one feasible use for bioprinting: pharmaceutical drug testing and research.
- The production of artificial organs for transplantation would solve the issues of high demand and low availability, as well as post-surgical complications associated with organ rejection given that the fabricated organs would be developed using the patient’s own organic material.
- Besides the ethical part of it, drug development with bioprinted materials can make pre-clinical trials of new drugs much more cost-effective, helping them to be validated and reach the market sooner, while also potentially reducing the need for animal testing.
- The production of artificial organs for transplantation would solve the issues of high demand and low availability, as well as post-surgical complications associated with organ rejection given that the fabricated organs would be developed using the patient’s own organic material.
- Instead of creating entire functional organs, the small tissue patches can be potentially used to regenerate and treat organs like the liver and heart.
- Bone and skin grafting can also benefit from the technology, including surgery for reconstructive and aesthetic purposes.
Limitations
- Many new developments are over-hyped as the ultimate and ready-to-use breakthroughs in the field of 3D bio-printing, when in fact there are many unsolved problems in tissue engineering before complex organs like the heart, kidney and liver can be bio-printed.
- The vasculature—network of blood vessels that feeds the organ—is still a challenge. The vasculature still has to be developed to allow lab skin to integrate with the human body’s blood vessels.
- Stem cell engineering to grow all the cells of an organ in a personalised way to avoid rejection by the recipient’s immune system is another challenge.
- Researchers still have to ensure that a lab organ will work with all the other organs in a human body.
- The future of 3D bio-printed tissues and organs depend on regulatory clearances and getting the technology right.
- The entire process is also criticized from a moral and ethical perspective.
Conclusion
With a growing market of bioprinters and an increased interest in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, it’s clear that bioprinting technologies will continue to develop even more rapidly. It will indeed justify its value both from a moral and ethical perspective, which is always a significant challenge in technologies associated with medicine and nature. Let’s see how the technology will develop in a few more decades.
General Studies – 4
Topic: Aptitude and foundational values for Civil Service, integrity, impartiality and nonpartisanship, objectivity, dedication to public service, empathy, tolerance and compassion towards the weaker-sections.
Difficulty level: Tough
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 3 and mentioned as part of Mission-2023 Secure timetable.
Key Demand of the question:
To distinguish factors that lead to the development of compassion.
Directive word:
Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by defining compassion.
Body:
Write about the factors that lead to development of compassion – influences, experiences, value education, role models etc. Cite examples to substantiate.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing about importance of compassion.
Introduction
Compassion is a deeper level of empathy, demonstrating an actual desire to help the suffering person. It is a unique feeling of sympathy for the suffering of others that involves emotions and empathy towards others, a sense of understanding, and the drive to protect. It is the sympathetic pity and concern for the sufferings or misfortunes of others. It motivates people to go out of their way to help the physical, mental, or emotional pains of another and themselves. Compassion is often regarded as having sensitivity, an emotional aspect to suffering. Qualities of compassion are patience and wisdom; kindness and perseverance; warmth and resolve.
Body
Factors that make an individual develop compassion
- Bringing attention or awareness to recognizing that there is suffering (cognitive)
- Feeling emotionally moved by that suffering (affective)
- Wishing there to be relief from that suffering (intentional)
- A readiness to take action to relieve that suffering (motivational)
How to practice compassion
- At a personal level, we have to be compassionate to our friends and family. Only then can we share both happiness and their sufferings together. This is the key to be happy.
- Compassion offers the possibility of responding to suffering with understanding, patience, and kindness rather than, say, fear and repulsion. It is a readiness to help or to want to do something ourselves about another person’s situation.
- Example: Mother Theresa has often been referred to as an embodiment of compassion. Her selfless work for the poor and destitute till date is inspiring and spoken of.
- A needy would always be happy to get help. It would not only help him face the situation but will generate a blissful feeling of being noticed and cared by others.
- Compassion allows oneself to have a feeling of self-satisfaction and self-contentment of helping others whether an animal, human or even a plant. Such a feeling will help reduce stress, improve mental and physical health. Thus, a person would naturally feel happy and will contribute to the society efficiently with a healthy mind-set.
- When such a society evolves having compassion for others and helps others in need, each individual is taken care of by the society and in turn he also helps the society.
- Strongly integrated social capital grows with a co-operative and co-existing ecosystem, resulting in reduced toxic or criminal outbreaks and instances.
- Example: Popularly known as ‘Collector Bro’, a civil servant from Kozhikode started the ‘Compassionate Kozhikode’ and ‘Compassionate Keralam’, winning the trust and volunteer help from the locals to successfully clean ponds, feed the hungry, help and improving lives after the recent floods and involving youth in the betterment of the society.
Conclusion
It takes character and integrity to be the one who is willing to step up and make a difference. To feel sympathy for someone is not enough. We must also be willing to take action. That is why compassion requires courage. Together they are one of the most dynamic combinations in the world. It is impossible to know how much good can come from a single act of compassion.
Topic: role of Family society and educational institutions in inculcating values.
Difficulty level: Easy
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4 and part of ‘Conceptual Tuesdays’ in Mission-2023 Secure.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the role of family in providing emotional and ethical foundation to their children.
Directive word:
Elaborate – Give a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin the answer by mentioning the role of family in inculcating values in children.
Body:
First, write about family as an institution of socialization for a person is his/her family. Since values have an affective component, family plays a major role in an individual subscribing to certain values. Mention as to how these lay foundation to strong emotional and ethical foundation in children’s life.
Next, write about the importance of above.
Conclusion:
Conclude by summarising.
Introduction
If there is one cohesive, cementing force at the heart of traditional Indian society it is our family system. It is a single, powerful strand which for centuries, has woven the tapestry of our rich, social fabric replete with diversity, into a whole.
Sachin Tendulkar’s emotional farewell speech during his retirement highlighted how important the role of family, friends and teachers is in the journey to a successful career.
Body
Role of parents in transforming children
- Despite changing values, the concept of ‘Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam’(world is one family) is ingrained well in our minds, especially in India.
- Cohesive society: One of the main advantages of a joint family system is the strong bonding it creates among siblings and other members of the family even while providing a sense of security to the children.
- Virtues: It is believed that children who grow up in an extended family with grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins will imbibe the qualities of sharing, caring, empathy and understanding.
- Emotional intelligence: The bonding and bonhomie one finds in close knit joint families has a positive impact on the emotional quotient of children.
- Caring for the old: Family values play an important role in shaping the outlook of people. Respect and care for elders are among the central principles in Indian family system.
- Unity: It should also be remembered that the family system creates a strong bond of unity at an early age, paves the way for social cohesion and in a broader sense promotes national unity.
- Morals: Adopting our age-old philosophy of Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam, which embodies the spirit of humanism, compassion, magnanimity and tolerance, family becomes the basic building block of a harmonious, inclusive society.
- Peaceful world view: Family can shape the world view, foster and reinforce the value system of the individuals and therefore, consequently, be the warp and weft of a sustainable, peaceful, inclusive, prosperous world.
Conclusion
Children who grow up in an extended family not only imbibe qualities of tolerance, patience, democratic attitude of accepting others’ viewpoints, but also develop sportsman’s spirit while playing with siblings and cousins. Various age-old traditions, customs and ways of living are all products of family system. In fact, the family system lays the seeds for social cohesion and democratic thinking.
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