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General Studies – 2
Topic: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: The Hindu , Insights on India
Why the question:
The recent call for abolition of the death penalty by the higher judiciary has brought the debate over capital punishment back into the spotlight.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about arguments in favour of abolition and the challenges that need to be addressed in implementing this reform.
Directive word:
Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving context.
Body:
First, write about the various developments regarding capital punishment over the years – Bachan Singh vs State of Punjab, context death penalty.
Next, examine the arguments in favour of abolition of the death penalty in India, such as the high risk of wrongful convictions, the possibility of reform and rehabilitation of convicts, and the negative impact of capital punishment on society.
Next, analyse the challenges that need to be addressed in implementing this reform, such as the public’s perception of the death penalty as a deterrent to crime, the lack of trust in the criminal justice system, and the need for alternative forms of punishment for heinous crimes.
Lastly, discuss the implications of the higher judiciary’s call for abolition of the death penalty and the way forward for India to move towards abolition.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
Topic: India and its neighborhood- relations.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Live Mint , Insights on India
Why the question:
A vigorous trade partnership would help India reduce China’s influence over the island nation and give New Delhi more room to manoeuvre on other vital issues such as terrorism and the treatment of Sri Lankan Tamils
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the Indo-Lanka relations, challenges and benefits India can gain by helping Sri Lanka during its current economic crisis.
Directive word:
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving the context of India- Sri Lankan relations in the past and how it has changed over time.
Body:
In the first part, write about the historical bilateral ties between India and Sri Lanka.
Next, discuss the challenges and concerns in relations with Sri Lanka – Tamil issue, Fisherman issue, increasing Chinese influence in the region and Sri Lanka’s geopolitical alignment.
Next, write about the economic and strategic benefits that India can gain by helping Sri Lanka and measures that must be taken by India in this regard.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
Topic: Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, and Human Resources.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: The Hindu , Insights on India
Why the question:
The world got a wake-up call in 1993 about tuberculosis (TB) when the World Health Organization declared it a global health emergency. The 1993 World Development Report labelled TB treatment for adults as the best buy among all developmental interventions. The response in the 30 years since has been short on urgency and long on processes. The current goal is to end TB by 2030, but clarity on definitions of ‘end’ and the means of verification are not fully in place.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the challenges posed by TB and ways to end it.
Directive word:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving statistic highlighting the incidence and impact of TB in India.
Body:
First, write about the various measures taken and progress made in fight against TB in India.
Next, write about the shortcomings of the above and other major challenges in India’s fight against TB.
Next, write about the possible solutions to the above issue to end TB in India – improving awareness, strengthening healthcare infrastructure, expanding access to diagnostics and treatment, targeting high-risk populations, and promoting research and innovation etc.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
Topic: Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment.
Difficulty level: Easy
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 3 and mentioned as part of Mission-2023 Secure timetable.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the economic costs of air pollution in India and suggest policy measures and incentives to mitigate them.
Directive word:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin the answer by giving an overview of air pollution in India and its economic costs.
Body:
In brief, write about the economic costs of air pollution like healthcare costs, productivity loss, etc.
Next, write about the policy measures and incentives like the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP), Air Pollution Act, etc., and their effectiveness in reducing the economic burden of air pollution.
Next, Mention the role of technology and innovation in reducing the economic costs of air pollution. Provide examples of successful implementation of policy measures and incentives in other countries and how they can be replicated in India
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward
General Studies – 3
Topic: Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Investopedia
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 3 and mentioned as part of Mission-2023 Secure timetable.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the different types of bio-remediation techniques and their advantages and limitations in cleaning up polluted environments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by defining bio-remediation and explain it briefly.
Body:
In brief, write about the different types of bio-remediation techniques like phytoremediation, mycoremediation, and microbial remediation, and how they work.
Next, write about the advantages of bio-remediation, such as being cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and non-invasive, among others.
Next, write about the limitations of bio-remediation, such as long timeframes, lack of predictability, and inability to remove certain pollutants, among others.
Conclusion:
Conclude by mentioning about the potential of bio-remediation.
Topic: Disaster and disaster management.
Difficulty level: Tough
Reference: Live Mint , Insights on India
Why the question:
On Tuesday, Delhi shook. It was a rude yet timely reminder for the country to come to grips with our gaping lack of earthquake preparedness—if one was needed after parts of Turkey and Syria were devastated by seismic shocks a few weeks ago.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the vulnerability of India to earthquakes, measures needed to improve preparedness and the effectiveness of the measures.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving context.
Body:
First, write about the vulnerability of India to earthquakes. Draw a map showing different seismic zones.
Next, write about several measures the government needs to take mitigate their impact – building codes and standards, retrofitting old buildings, early warning systems, education and awareness, and emergency response planning.
Next, write about the effectiveness of the above measures.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
General Studies – 4
Topic: Ethics and Human Interface: Essence, determinants and consequences of Ethics in-human actions; dimensions of ethics; ethics – in private and public relationships.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4 and part of ‘Abstract Thursdays’ in Mission-2023 Secure.
Key Demand of the question:
To form an opinion on ethicality of moonlighting.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by defining the concept of moonlighting.
Body:
First, give reasons as to why there is need of moonlighting and cite reasons as to why it may be considered ethical.
Next, given reasons as to why moonlighting maybe considered unethical.
Conclusion:
Conclude by giving a balanced opinion the issue.
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