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General Studies – 1
Topic: Salient features of Indian Society, Diversity of India; Social empowerment
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: The Hindu , Insights on India
Why the question:
Chief Justice D.Y. Chandrachud referred petitions seeking legal recognition of same-sex marriages to a Constitution Bench, but took the time on Monday to soothe the government’s anxiety about how such a move would affect Indian “social ethos”.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about legalising same-sex marriages in the country.
Directive word:
Critically comment – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary. When ‘comment’ is prefixed, we must express our knowledge and understanding of the issue and form an overall opinion thereupon.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving context with respect to same-sex marriages.
Body:
In the first part, write about the need to legalise same-sex marriages in the country post the Navtej Johar judgement – Equal rights, granting protection, for true inclusivity etc.
Next, mention write about the impediments and legal obstacles to legalising same-sex marriages and its impact on social ethos.
Next, write a way forward.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a balanced opinion on the issue.
General Studies – 2
Topic: Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Live Mint , Insights on India
Why the question:
The Union budget for 2022-23 has a generous outlay of ₹7,000 crore for the third phase of the e-courts project administered by the e-committee of India’s Supreme Court in partnership with the ministry of law and justice.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the e-courts project, its strength and limitations.
Directive word:
Critically analyze – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary. When ‘critically’ is suffixed or prefixed to a directive, one needs to look at the good and bad of the topic and give a balanced judgment on the topic.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving aims and objectives of e-courts project.
Body:
First, write about the major features of e-courts project – electronic access to court proceedings, case management, and related services.
Next, bring out the major advantages associated with it – digitizing court records, creating a centralized database of cases, and enabling online filing of cases and e-payment of court fees. Write about the role of e-courts reducing judicial backlogs.
Next, write about the major shortcomings of the above and ways to overcome them.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward.
Topic: Important aspects of governance, transparency and accountability, e-governance applications, models, successes, limitations, and potential; citizens charters, transparency & accountability and institutional and other measures.
Difficulty level: Tough
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
In recent years, India has made great strides in its digital strategies and data governance. India has embraced technology and digitalisation to drive economic growth and to improve the lives of its citizens. However, as the country continues to evolve, it must also ensure that its digital strategies and data governance are inclusive, transparent, secure, and conducive to sustainable development.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about data governance, its potential and challenges associated with it.
Directive:
Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by defining data governance.
Body:
First, write about the various aspects of data governance – data stewardship, data quality management, data security, data privacy, and compliance. Write about its potential.
Next, write about the major challenges of data governance – lack of executive sponsorship, poor data quality, data silos, lack of data literacy, compliance and regulatory issues, and technology limitations.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
General Studies – 3
Topic: Major crops-cropping patterns in various parts of the country, – different types of irrigation and irrigation systems storage, transport and marketing of agricultural produce and issues and related constraints; e-technology in the aid of farmers.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 3 and mentioned as part of Mission-2023 Secure timetable.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the challenges faced in agricultural research, its impact and steps needed to overcome them.
Directive word:
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving context.
Body:
First, write about the major challenges in agricultural research – climate change, soil health, water scarcity, food security, inclusive development, and funding.
Next, write about their impact – low productivity, food insecurity, environmental degradation, limited economic growth, and reduced competitiveness.
Next, write about the steps that are needed to overcome the above challenges.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
Topic: Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies and minimum support prices; Public Distribution System- objectives, functioning, limitations, revamping; issues of buffer stocks and food security; Technology missions; economics of animal-rearing.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 3 and mentioned as part of Mission-2023 Secure timetable.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the PDS, its role reforms that are needed.
Directive word:
Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving context of PDS and its role in delivery of food grains.
Body:
In the first part, mention the various bottlenecks, limitations and the shortcomings with respect to PDS in India. Cite statistics and reports to substantiate your points.
Next, write about the steps that are required to ensure a seamless supply chain to overcome hunger and malnutrition.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward.
Topic: Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life.
Difficulty level: Easy
Reference: The Hindu , Insights on India
Why the question:
Physicists and engineers have been toiling to find materials that superconduct electricity in ambient conditions, i.e., at one or a few atmospheres of pressure and at room temperature. Given their potential, finding such materials is one of the holy grails of physics and materials science.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about superconductivity and its various applications.
Directive word:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by defining superconductivity.
Body:
In the first part, in brief explain the concept of superconductivity and how it works.
Next, write about the applications of superconductivity – from healthcare and energy to transportation and communications, MRI machines, power transmission, particle accelerators, transportation, and energy storage etc.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward.
General Studies – 4
Topic: dimensions of ethics;
Difficulty level: Easy
Reference: plato.stanford.edu
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4 and part of ‘Conceptual Tuesdays’ in Mission-2023 Secure.
Key Demand of the question:
To explain the concept of Moral Relativism using examples.
Directive word:
Explain – Clarify the topic by giving a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin the answer by defining moral relativism and its aspects
Body:
Write the core argument on which moral relativism is based on, the existing differences in the moralities that people accept and live by. Mention various factors that give rise to Moral relativism.
Give few illustrations in the context of capital punishment, euthanasia, eating meat etc. and the varied constraints and dimensions based on which the morality of a situation or action is judged.
Conclusion:
Conclude by saying often, morality is more relative than absolute.
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