[MISSION 2023] RTM(Revision through MCQs)- 16 Feb 2023

Ans: (c )

Explanation:

• The Delimitation commission or Boundary commission of India is a commission established by the Government of India under the provisions of the Delimitation Commission Act.
• The main task of the commission is redrawing the boundaries of the various assembly and Lok Sabha constituencies based on a recent census. The representation from each State is not changed during this exercise. However, the number of SC and ST seats in a state are changed in accordance with the census. The present delimitation of constituencies has been done on the basis of 2001 census under the provisions of Delimitation Act, 2002.
• The Commission is a powerful and independent body whose orders cannot be challenged in any court of law. The orders are laid before the Lok Sabha and the respective State Legislative Assemblies. However, modifications are not permitted.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/02/16/sc-junks-challenge-to-jk-delimitation-what-did-the-petitioner-centre-argue/

Ans: (c )

Explanation:

• The commission has been established by law as autonomous of the government, and not by the constitution.
• The NHRC cannot by itself punish the guilty. That is the responsibility of courts. The NHRC is there to make independent and credible inquiry into any case of violation of human rights. Thus, its recommendations are not binding on neither the courts not the government.
• Any citizen of India can write a letter to the NHRC to complain against the violation of human rights. There is no fee or any formal procedure to approach the NHRC.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/02/16/at-80-the-highest-no-of-custodial-deaths-reported-in-gujarat-in-the-last-5-years-rajya-sabha-told/

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for promoting international cooperation on atmospheric science, climatology, hydrology and geophysics.
• India has been a member of the WMO since 1949. India’s permanent representative to the organisation is the head (DGM – Director-General of Meteorology) of the IMD.
• Headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland,

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/02/16/sea-level-rise-a-major-threat-to-india-other-nations-wmo/

Ans: (c )

Explanation:

• S3 and S4: 75 tribal groups have been categorized by the Ministry of Home Affairs as Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTG)s. PVTGs reside in 18 States and UT of A&N Islands.
  • See https://tribal.nic.in/pvtg.aspx
• S2: The criteria followed for determination of PVTGs are as under:
  • A pre-agriculture level of technology;
  • A stagnant or declining population;
  • Extremely low literacy; and
  • A subsistence level of economy.
  • See http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=178257

Refer: facts for prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/02/16/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-16-february-2023/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• EPFO is a statutory organisation within the Ministry of Labour and Employment, Government of India.
• It was established with the passage of the Employees’ Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952.
• EPFO is responsible for regulating and managing provident funds in India, as well as managing social security agreements with other countries that have bilateral treaties with India.

Refer: facts for prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/02/16/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-16-february-2023/

Ans: (b )

Explanation:

• Context: India cuts windfall tax on crude oil to Rs 1,900 per tonne from Rs 2,100 per tonne
  • India imposed the windfall profit tax, in July 2022, joining nations that tax supernormal profits of energy companies.
  • Levy was introduced in view of the windfall gains made by the domestic crude producers and refiners due to high global crude and product prices (on account of the Russian-Ukraine war)
• What is the windfall tax?
  • A windfall tax is a higher tax rate on sudden big profits levied on a particular company or industry.

Refer: facts for prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/02/16/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-16-february-2023/

Ans: (c )

Explanation:

• S1 is a protocol under UNTOC, and S3 is wrong as UNCAC has that provision.
• The United Nations Convention against Corruption is the only legally binding international anti-corruption multilateral treaty
• The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) is mandated by its Member States to assist in the implementation of both Conventions, which along with the UN Drug Conventions of 1961, 1971 and 1988 underpin all the operational work of UNODC.
• See https://www.unodc.org/southasia/en/frontpage/2011/may/indian-govt-ratifies-two-un-conventions.html

Refer: UPSC CSE 2019

Ans: (a)

Explanation:

• Option A incorrect since it is difficult to envisage how this can be achieved because it is one thing to create an artificial chromosome and quite another to to make it functional. Option B is Artificial Gene Synthesis whereas Option D is Plant and Animal Tissue Culture Technology. Option C is Cloning.
• S2: Artificial gene synthesis, sometimes known as DNA printing is a method in synthetic biology that is used to create artificial genes in the laboratory. The method has been used to generate functional bacterial or yeast chromosomes containing approximately one million base pairs.

Refer: UPSC CSE 2019

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• Hepatitis B has a vaccine that is recommended for all infants at birth and for children up to 18 years. It is also recommended that adults in high-risk groups be vaccinated.
• See https://www.hepb.org/prevention-and-diagnosis/vaccination/

Refer: UPSC CSE 2019

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• Straightforward question
• Option A: They were applicable to both.
• Option C: This was due to commercialization of agriculture, not land reforms.

Refer: UPSC CSE 2019