[MISSION 2023] RTM(Revision through MCQs)- 10 Feb 2023

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• Article 356 empowers the President to issue a proclamation, if he is satisfied that a situation has arisen in which the government of a state cannot be carried on in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution.
• Notably, the president can act either on a report of the governor of the state or otherwise too (ie, even without the governor’s report).
• A proclamation imposing President’s Rule must be approved by both the Houses of Parliament within two months from the date of its issue. If approved by both the Houses of Parliament, the President’s Rule continues for six months.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/02/10/what-is-article-356/

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• A resolution of disapproval is different from a resolution approving the continuation of a proclamation in the following two respects:
• First one (disapproval) is required to be passed by the Lok Sabha only, while the second one needs to be passed by the both Houses of Parliament.
• The first one is to be adopted by a simple majority only, while the second one needs to be adopted by a special majority.
• This is done to put greater safeguards as emergency in an extraordinary measure and must be resorted to only in exceptional circumstances.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/02/10/what-is-article-356/

Ans: (a)

Explanation:

• The national emergency can be declared only on the concurrence of the cabinet and not merely on the advice of the prime minister.
• The 44th Amendment Act of 1978 introduced this safeguard to eliminate any possibility of the prime minister alone taking a decision in this regard.
• The 38th Amendment Act of 1975 made the declaration of a National Emergency immune from the judicial review. But, this provision was subsequently deleted by the 44th Amendment Act of 1978.
• Further, in the Minerva Mills case, (1980), the Supreme Court held that the proclamation of a national emergency can be challenged in a court on the ground of malafide or that the declaration was based on wholly extraneous and irrelevant facts or is absurd or perverse.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/02/10/what-is-article-356/

Ans: (a)

Explanation:

• During an Emergency, the Central government becomes all powerful and the states go into the total control of the Centre. It converts the federal structure into a unitary one without a formal amendment of the Constitution.
• An emergency due to war, external aggression or armed rebellion (Article 352). This is popularly known as ‘National Emergency’. However, the Constitution employs the expression ‘proclamation of emergency’ to denote an emergency of this type. The word National Emergency is not mentioned in constitution.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/02/10/what-is-article-356/

Ans: (c)

Explanation:

• Article 355 imposes a duty on the Centre to ensure that the government of every state is carried on in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution.
• It is this duty in the performance of which the Centre takes over the government of a state under Article 356 in case of failure of constitutional machinery in state.
• During President’s rule, the state legislative assembly would be either suspended or dissolved by the President.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/02/10/what-is-article-356/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• Article 356: Provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in State
• (1) If the President, on receipt of report from the Governor of the State or otherwise, is satisfied that a situation has arisen in which the government of the State cannot be carried on in accordance with the provisions of this Constitution, the President may be Proclamation
• (a) Assume to himself all or any of the functions of the Government of the State and all or any of the powers vested in or exercisable by the Governor or anybody or authority in the State other than the Legislature of the State; (b) Declare that the powers of the Legislature of the State shall be exercisable by or under the authority of Parliament;

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/02/10/what-is-article-356/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• S1 and S2: Selection of resistant microorganisms is exacerbated by inappropriate use of antimicrobials since a number of microbes are resistant to these anti-biotics. So, S1 is irrelevant to MDR.
• The practice of adding antibiotics to agricultural feed promotes drug resistance.
• S3: As per WHO, the high volume of antibiotics in food-producing animals contributes to the development of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, particularly in settings of intensive animal production. These bacteria can be transmitted from animals to humans via direct contact between animals and humans, or through the food chain and the environment. See https://www.who.int/foodsafety/areas_work/antimicrobial-resistance/amrfoodchain/en/

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/02/10/rise-of-amr-could-result-in-up-to-10-million-annual-deaths-by-2050-un-report/

Ans: (a)

Explanation:

Refer: facts for prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/02/10/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-10-february-2023/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• About Dickinsonia:
  • It is considered to be Earth’s oldest animal
  • It is an extinct genus of basal animal (animals which have radial symmetry in their body)
  • The animal is considered a link between early simple organisms and then the explosion of life in the Cambrian Period
  • Previously, fossils of Dickinsonia have been found in Australia, Russia, Ukraine, China

Refer: facts for prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/02/10/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-10-february-2023/

Ans: (c)

Explanation:

• It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site with evidence of human habitation dating back to about 1 lakh years. It spans the Paleolithic and Mesolithic periods, as well as the historic period. It exhibits the earliest traces of human life in India and evidence of the Stone Age starting at the site in Acheulian times.

Refer: facts for prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/02/10/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-10-february-2023/