[MISSION 2023] RTM(Revision through MCQs)- 06 Feb 2023

Ans: (c )

Explanation: Review petition:

• Under Article 137, the Supreme Court has the power to review any of its judgments or orders.
• When a review takes place, the law is that it is allowed not to take fresh stock of the case but to correct grave errors that have resulted in the miscarriage of justice.
• The court has the power to review its rulings to correct a “patent error” and not “minor mistakes of inconsequential import”.
• As per the Civil Procedure Code and the Supreme Court Rules, any person aggrieved by a ruling can seek a review. However, the court exercises its discretion to allow a review petition only when it shows the grounds for seeking the review.
• A review petition must be filed within 30 days of the date of judgment or order.While a judgment is the final decision in a case, an order is an interim ruling that is subject to its final verdict.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/02/06/supreme-court-income-tax-order-on-sikkim-and-the-protests-it-has-triggered/

Ans: (c )

Explanation:

• What is a review petition and when can it be filed?
  • A judgment of the Supreme Court becomes the law of the land, according to the Constitution. It is final because it provides certainty for deciding future cases. However, the Constitution gives, under Article 137, the Supreme Court the power to review any of its judgments or orders.
  • This departure from the Supreme Court’s final authority is entertained under specific, narrow grounds. So, when a review takes place, the law is that it is allowed not to take fresh stock of the case but to correct grave errors that have resulted in the miscarriage of justice.
• Who can file a review petition?
  • It is not necessary that only parties to a case can seek a review of the judgment on it. As per the Civil Procedure Code and the Supreme Court Rules, any person aggrieved by a ruling can seek a review. However, the court does not entertain every review petition filed.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/02/06/supreme-court-income-tax-order-on-sikkim-and-the-protests-it-has-triggered/

Ans: (c )

Explanation:

• The number of judges: The original Constitution envisaged a Supreme Courtwith a Chief Justice and 7 puisne judges – leaving it to Parliament to increase this number.
• Currently, there are 32 judges(including the Chief Justice) (maximum possible strength is 34)
• Sittings: In the early years, all the judges of the Supreme Court sat together to hear the cases presented before them.
• As the number of cases has increased, the SC sit in smaller benches of two and three– coming together in larger benches of 5 and more only when required to do so.
• Expansion of its jurisdiction: Over the years, the Supreme Court has expanded its jurisdiction, taking on an increasingly active role in public interest litigation and providing judicial remedies for a wide range of social and economic issues.

Refer:https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/02/06/the-supreme-court-celebrates-the-73rd-anniversary-of-its-establishment/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• MISHTI will be implemented through convergence between the MGNREGS (Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme), CAMPA (Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Authority) Fund, and other sources.
• Organizations that have been involved in mangrove plantations say that the initiative requires extensive work with local communities.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/02/06/why-have-mangroves-got-a-budget-push/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• When founded in 1921 it was named after Nobel Laureate Rabindranath Tagore until the Visva-Bharati Society was registered as an organization in May 1922.
• In 1922, Visva-Bharati was inaugurated as a Centre for Culture with an exploration into the arts, language, humanities, and music and these are reflected in diverse institutes that continue in their educational programmes.
• The structures in these institutes constitute a myriad of architectural expressions: the Kalo Bari, a mud structure with coal tar finish and sculpture panels; Mastermoshai studio, a single-storied structure built for the first principal of Kala Bhavan, Nandalal Bose; murals and paintings on Cheena and Hindi Bhavan, created by the illustrious artists like Benodebehari Mukhopadhyay, Nandalal Bose, Surendranath Kar, Somnath Hore with the active involvement of students.
• Until independence it was a college. Soon after independence, the institution was given the status of a central university in 1951 by an act of the Parliament.

Refer: facts for prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/02/06/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-6-february-2023/

Ans: (c )

Explanation:

• Rabindranath Tagore’s English translation and compilation One Hundred Poems of Kabir was first published in 1915, and has been a classic reprinted and widely circulated particularly in the West.

Refer: facts for prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/02/06/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-6-february-2023/

Ans: (c )

Explanation:

• 75 tribal groups have been categorized categorized by Ministry of Home Affairs as Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTG)s. PVTGs reside in 18 States and UT of A&N Islands.
• See https://tribal.nic.in/pvtg.aspx
• S2: The criteria followed for determination of PVTGs are as under:
  • A pre-agriculture level of technology;
  • A stagnant or declining population;
  • Extremely low literacy; and
  • A subsistence level of economy.
  • See http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=178257
• S4: Irulars are found in TN, whereas Konda Reddis are found in Andhra Pradesh (including Telangana).
  • See https://tribal.nic.in/DivisionsFiles/SwLPVTGs.pdf

Refer: facts for prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/02/06/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-6-february-2023/

Ans: (c)

Explanation:

• The Securities and Exchange Board of India (founded in 1988) is a statutory regulatory body for the securities and commodity market in India under the ownership of the Ministry of Finance.

Refer: facts for prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/02/06/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-6-february-2023/

Ans: (a)

Explanation:

• S1: The Asiatic lion’s range is restricted to the Gir National Park and environs in the Indian state of Gujarat.
• S2: The Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) is a large, even-toed ungulate native to the steppes of Central Asia.
• S3: The one-horned rhinoceros is native to the Indian subcontinent (not only India). The Indian rhinoceros once ranged throughout the entire stretch of the Indo-Gangetic Plain, but excessive hunting and agricultural development reduced their range drastically to 11 sites in northern India and southern Nepal.

Refer: UPSC CSE 2019

Ans: (d)

Explanation;

• The ability of stratospheric sulfate aerosols to create a global dimming effect has made them a possible candidate for use in solar radiation management climate engineering projects to limit the effect and impact of climate change due to rising levels of greenhouse gases. Delivery of precursor sulfide gases such as sulfuric acid, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) or sulfur dioxide (SO2) by artillery, aircraft and balloons has been proposed.
• Cirrus cloud thinning is a proposed form of climate engineering. Cirrus clouds are high cold ice that, like other clouds, both reflect sunlight and absorb warming infrared radiation. However, they differ from other types of clouds in that, on average, infrared absorption outweighs sunlight reflection, resulting in a net warming effect on the climate. Therefore, thinning or removing these clouds would reduce their heat trapping capacity, resulting in a cooling effect on Earth’s climate.
• See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirrus_cloud_thinning and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratospheric_aerosol_injection

Refer: UPSC 2019