[MISSION 2023] RTM(Revision through MCQs)- 03 Feb 2023

Ans: (a)

Explanation:

• The Chief Justice of India and the Judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the President under clause (2) of Article 124 of the Constitution.
• The names are recommended by the Collegium.
• The collegium sends its final recommendation to the President of India for approval. The President can either accept it or reject it. In the case it is rejected, the recommendation comes back to the collegium. If the collegium reiterates its recommendation to the President, then he/she is bound by that recommendation.
• Appointment to the office of the Chief Justice of India should be of the senior most Judge of the Supreme Court considered fit to hold the office.
• Whenever there is any doubt about the fitness of the senior most Judge to hold the office of the Chief Justice of India, consultation with other Judges as envisaged in Article 124 (2) of the Constitution would be made for appointment of the next Chief Justice of India.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/02/02/is-judicial-majoritarianism-justified/

Ans: (c )

Explanation:

• The High Courts and the Supreme Court form one single integrated judiciary having jurisdiction and providing remedies in all cases arising under the constitutional law, the civil law or the criminal law.
• The Supreme Court was created under the Constitution, and is a relatively new court. On the other hand, some of the High Courts in our country have been in existence since the 1860s.
• The Indian Constitution envisaged the equality of power of High Court judges and Supreme Court judges, with a High Court judge not being a subordinate of a Supreme Court judge.
• The Supreme Court has, on many occasions, reiterated the position that the Supreme Court is superior to the High Court only in the appellate sense.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/02/02/is-judicial-majoritarianism-justified/

Ans: (b)

Explanation::

• The Supreme Court (or rather, a section of its judges, called “the Collegium”) has the power to appoint judges and chief justices to the High Courts and the Supreme Court. This Collegium also has the power to transfer judges and chief justices from one High Court to another. Second, successive governments have passed laws that create parallel judicial systems of courts and tribunals which provide for direct appeals to the Supreme Court, bypassing the High Courts.
• The Supreme Court was created under the Constitution, and is a relatively new court. On the other hand, some of the High Courts in our country have been in existence since the 1860s (and some existed even before that).

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/02/02/is-judicial-majoritarianism-justified/

Ans: (c )

Explanation:

• According to Article 112 of the Indian Constitution, the annual financial statement is a statement of the estimated receipts and expenditures of the government for a particular year.
• The receipts and expenditures are shown under three parts, namely, the Consolidated Fund of India and the Public Account of India (Article 266), and the Contingency Fund of India (Article 267).
• It is prepared by the Department of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Finance, for the fiscal year that runs from 1st April to 31st March.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/02/02/union-budget-2023-24/

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• How are district judges currently recruited?
• Articles 233 and 234 of the Constitution of India deal with the appointment of district judges, and place it in the domain of the states.
• The selection process is conducted by the State Public Service Commissions and the concerned High Court, since High Courts exercise jurisdiction over the subordinate judiciary in the state. Panels of High Court judges interview candidates after the exam and select them for appointment.
• All judges of the lower judiciary up to the level of district judge are selected through the Provincial Civil Services (Judicial) exam. PCS(J) is commonly referred to as the judicial services exam.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/02/02/is-judicial-majoritarianism-justified/

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• The ultimate goal of communism is to abolish social classes and create a classless society, where everyone has equal access to resources and wealth. In contrast, socialism aims to create a fairer distribution of wealth, where the means of production are owned and controlled collectively, but there may still be some unequal distribution of wealth.

Refer: facts for prelims:https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/02/02/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-2-february-2023/

Ans: (a)

Explanation: About Macrosomia:

• The term used to describe these giant babies is macrosomia (Greek for the large body). Any baby that weighs more than 4kg, regardless of its gestational age, is said to have macrosomia.

Refer: facts for prelims:https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/02/02/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-2-february-2023/

Ans: (c )

Explanation:

• It is a high altitude national park in Ladakh, India. Globally famous for its snow leopards, it is believed to have the highest density of them in any protected area in the world.
• It is the only national park in India that is north of the Himalayas, the largest notified protected area in India (largest National park) and is the second largest contiguous protected area, after the Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve and surrounding protected areas.
• The park is bounded on the north by the banks of the Indus River.
• No metalled or motorable roads traverse the park.

Refer: facts for prelims:https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/02/02/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-2-february-2023/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• S1: Namdapha National Park is a large protected area in Arunachal Pradesh of Northeast India. It is a biodiversity hotspot in the Eastern Himalayas.
• S2: The national park harbours the northernmost lowland evergreen rainforests in the world at 27°N latitude. It also harbours extensive dipterocarp forests, comprising the northwestern parts of the Mizoram-Manipur-Kachin rain forests ecoregion. It is the fourth largest national park in India.
• S3: The Namdapha flying squirrel was first collected in the park and described. It is endemic to the park and critically endangered. It was last recorded in 1981 in a single valley within the park.

Refer: facts for prelims:https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/02/02/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-2-february-2023/

Ans: (c)

Explanation:

• Opportunity cost represents the benefits an individual, investor or business misses out on when choosing one alternative over another.
• When you have the opportunity to access public services for free, this would always come at a cost of somebody paying for it. In this case, the tax payer bears the opportunity cost.

Refer: UPSC 2018