[MISSION 2023] RTM(Revision through MCQs)- 30 Jan 2023

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• Gandhiji in 1919 decided to launch a nationwide satyagraha against the proposed Rowlatt Act (1919). This Act had been hurriedly passed through the Imperial Legislative Council despite the united opposition of the Indian members. It gave the government enormous powers to repress political activities, and allowed detention of political prisoners without trial for two years. Mahatma Gandhi wanted non-violent civil disobedience against such unjust laws, which would start with a hartal on 6 April.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/01/30/gandhis-ideals-of-non-violence-and-communal-harmony-remain-relevant-75-years-after-his-assassination/

Ans: (c )

Explanation:

• Gandhi was so thoroughly persuaded by Rajkumar Shukla, an indigo cultivator from Champaran that he decided to investigate into the matter.
• Gandhi’s method of inquiry at Champaran was based on surveys by the volunteers. The respondents who willingly gave statements should sign the papers or give thumb impressions.
• For those unwilling to participate, the reasons must be recorded by the volunteers. The principal volunteers in this survey were mostly lawyers like Babu Rajendra Prasad, Dharnidhar Prasad, Gorakh Prasad, Ramnawami Prasad, Sambhusaran and Anugraha Narain Sinha.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/01/30/gandhis-ideals-of-non-violence-and-communal-harmony-remain-relevant-75-years-after-his-assassination/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• Gandhi’s entry into public life began with the ‘Satyagraha’ in Champaran district of Bihar in 1917. He could mobilize the peasants of this district against the exploitation of European indigo planters. In 1918, Gandhiji led a “no tax campaign” at Khera in Gujarat where the peasants were not able to pay the revenue due to famine. But, after the Jalianwala Bagh tragedy, the government expressed no sign of regret but went ahead with more repression. Mahatma Gandhi was shocked and suspended the ‘Satyagraha’ declaring it as a “Himalayan Blunder”. It was because he had asked those people to pursue non-violence who could not afford to be non-violent. The Satyagraha movement failed in attaining its object as the government did not withdraw the Rowlatt Act. However, it was the first experiment of non-violence of Gandhiji in Indian politics.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/01/30/gandhis-ideals-of-non-violence-and-communal-harmony-remain-relevant-75-years-after-his-assassination/

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• M Sand, which is manufactured sand made from crushed rocks and stones, has several advantages over river sand. It is eco-friendly as it does not lead to depletion of natural sand resources, has better consistency in size and shape, and is often cheaper than river sand.
• Cost-effectiveness: As it can be produced in large quantities at a lower cost.
• Consistency: in grain size and shape, which can be beneficial for construction projects that require a specific type of sand.
• Environmental benefits: Helps reduce the need for mining natural sand, which can have negative environmental impacts.
  • Additionally, using the overburden from coal mines can help to repurpose materials that would otherwise be considered waste.
  • Lesser Sand extraction from the river will reduce erosion of channel beds & banks and protect the water habitat
  • Help maintain the water table
• Reduced water consumption: This helps reduce the amount of water required for construction projects, as it does not require washing before use.
• Better workability: Since it’s more angular and has a rougher surface, which makes it more workable for construction projects.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/01/30/coal-india-ltd-to-launch-m-sand-projects-in-a-big-way/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• The removal of sand from the river bed increases the velocity of the flowing water, with the distorted flow-regime eventually eroding the river banks.
• Sand acts like a sponge, which helps in recharging the water table; its progressive depletion in the river is accompanied by declining water tables in the nearby areas.
• Depletion of sand in the stream bed causes the deepening of rivers and estuaries, and the enlargement of river mouths and coastal inlets. It leads to saline-water intrusion.
• Sand acts as an efficient filter for various pollutants and thus maintains the quality of water in rivers and other aquatic ecosystems.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/01/30/coal-india-ltd-to-launch-m-sand-projects-in-a-big-way/

Ans: (c )

Explanation:

• Shumang Leela is a traditional form of theatre in Manipur where the roles of women are all played by men, called Nupi Shabis.
• In the case of women’s theatre groups, the roles of men are played by women.
• About Shumang Leela:
  • ‘Shumang’ means ‘open courtyard’and ‘Leela’ means play and the literal meaning of Shumang Leela is “play of the open courtyard”.
  • Origin: It started as a comic genrepresented before the kings and noblemen, which ultimately developed into the present form of courtyard-enacted play.
  • Values that the theatre form shows: It attempts to preserve and promote humanism, brotherhood, tolerance, confidence, devotion, truth and justice through its performances.
  • It is a powerful medium for mass educationbesides giving entertainment and relaxation.
  • It has been trying to focus on the issues of moral values, unity and integrity

Refer: facts for prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/01/30/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-30-january-2023/

Ans: (a)

Explanation:

• Augmented Reality (AR) is a technology that superimposes digital content, such as images, videos, or 3D models, onto the real world. On the other hand, Virtual Reality (VR) creates a completely artificial environment where users can interact with virtual objects and environments.
• Both AR and VR have brought a revolution in the world and especially in the gaming sector. These technologies help to create a realistic image along with sound and other sensations to offer an imaginary setting which stimulates a gamer’s physical presence in the environment.

Refer: facts for prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/01/30/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-30-january-2023/

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• High temperature: high speed flight generates significant heat that requires materials to withstand high temperatures.
• Aerodynamic heating: hypersonic flight produces intense aerodynamic heating that requires advanced thermal protection systems.
• Propulsion: providing enough thrust to reach and sustain hypersonic speeds is challenging.
• Guidance and control: high speeds create significant challenges in guidance and control, making it difficult to steer the vehicle.
• Flight dynamics: hypersonic flight involves unique flight dynamics, requiring specialized knowledge to understand and model.
• High cost: developing hypersonic technology is a very expensive proposition.
• Lack of infrastructure: there is currently a lack of ground-based infrastructure for testing and launching hypersonic vehicles.
• Limited experience: limited experience in designing, testing and operating hypersonic vehicles makes development more challenging.

Refer: facts for prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/01/30/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-30-january-2023/

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• Namdapha National Park is located in Arunachal Pradesh. The climate of this area varies from tropical to subtropical temperate and arctic.

Refer: facts for prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2023/01/30/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-30-january-2023/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• S1: Soil water holding capacity is the amount of water that a given soil can hold for crop use. Soil texture and organic matter are the key components that determine soil water holding capacity. Organic matter influences the physical conditions of a soil in several ways. Plant residues that cover the soil surface protect the soil from sealing and crusting by raindrop impact, thereby enhancing rainwater infiltration and reducing runoff. Each 1 percent increase in soil organic matter helps soil hold 20,000 gallons more water per acre.
• S2: Sulphur is one of three nutrients that are cycled between the soil, plant matter and the atmosphere. The sulphur cycle describes the movement of sulphur through the atmosphere, mineral and organic forms, and through living things. Although sulphur is primarily found in sedimentary rocks, it is particularly important to living things because it is a component of many proteins
• S3: Salinization is a major problem associated with irrigation, because deposits of salts build up in the soil and can reach levels that are harmful to crops. Hence statement 3 is correct

Refer: UPSC CSE 2018