[Mission 2023] STATIC QUIZ, 12 January 2023 – Modern India

Solution: b)

Gandhi’s Early Activism in India:

Champaran Satyagraha (1917)—First Civil Disobedience

Ahmedabad Mill Strike (1918) — First Hunger Strike

Kheda Satyagraha (1918).       — First Non-Cooperation

Rowlatt Satyagraha (1918).     —  First mass-strike

Solution: a)

In 1939 Congress Session was held in Tripuri. Tripuri is a small village in Madhya Pradesh. In this session of Congress, Subhash Chandra Bose was elected for the Presidency of Indian National Congress. He won the elections by securing 1580 votes defeating Sitaramayya who secured 1377 votes, according to the results that were declared on 29 January, 1929. Mahatma Gandhi was not in favour of making Bose as President but he won by majority of votes and became the President of Indian National Congress.

Solution: c)

Individual Satyagraha

During the course of the Second World War in order to secure the cooperation of the Indians, the British Government made an announcement on 8 August 1940, which came to be known as the ‘August Offer’.

The August Offer envisaged that after the War a representative body of Indians would be set up to frame the new Constitution.

Gandhi was not satisfied with the offer and decided to launch Individual Satyagraha.

Individual Satyagraha was limited, symbolic and non-violent in nature and it was left to Mahatma Gandhi to choose the Satyagrahis. Acharya Vinoba Bhave was the first to offer Satyagraha and he was sentenced to three months imprisonment.

Jawaharlal Nehru was the second Satyagrahi and imprisoned for four months. The individual Satyagraha continued for nearly 15 months.

Solution: a)

The Government of India Act of 1935 was passed on the basis of the report of the Simon Commission, the outcome of the Round Table Conferences and the White Paper issued by the British Government in 1933. This Act contained many important changes over the previous Act of 1919.

Following were the salient features of this Act.

1. Provision for the establishment of an All India Federation at the Centre, consisting of the Provinces of British India and the Princely States. (It did not come into existence since the Princely States refused to give their consent for the union.)
2. Division of powers into three lists: Federal, Provincial and Concurrent.
3. Introduction of Dyarchy at the Centre. The Governor-General and his councillors administered the “Reserved subjects”. The Council of Ministers were responsible for the “Transferred” subjects.
4. Abolition of Dyarchy and the introduction of Provincial Autonomy in the provinces. The Governor was made the head of the Provincial Executive but he was expected to run the administration on the advice of the Council of Ministers. Thus, provincial government was entursted to the elected Ministers. They were responsible to the popularly elected Legislative Assemblies.
5. Provincial Legislatures of Bengal, Madras, Bombay, United Provinces, Bihar and Assam were made bicameral.
6. Extension of the principle of Separate Electorates to Sikhs, Europeans, Indian Christians and Anglo Indians.
7. Establishment of a Federal Court at Delhi with a Chief Justice and 6 judges.

Solution: b)

Parallel governments during Quit India Movement:

• Ballia (in August 1942 for a week)—under Chittu Pandey. He got many Congress leaders released.
• Tamluk (Midnapore, from December 1942 to September 1944)—Jatiya Sarkar undertook cyclone relief work, sanctioned grants to schools, supplied paddy from the rich to the poor, organised Vidyut Vahinis, etc.
• Satara (mid-1943 to 1945)—named “Prati Sarkar”, was organised under leaders like Y.B. Chavan, Nana Patil, etc.