[MISSION 2023] RTM(Revision through MCQs)- 26 Dec 2022

Ans: (c )

Explanation:

• Article 270 of the Constitution allows cess to be excluded from the purview of the divisible pool of taxes that the Union government must share with the States.
• A cess is collected by the government for the development of a particular service or sector. So, as the name suggests, the health and education cess cannot be used for any other means.

Refer: facts for prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/12/26/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-26-december-2022/

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• The Comptroller and Auditor General of India is the supreme audit institution of India, established under Article 148 of the Constitution of India. They are empowered to audit all receipts and expenditure of the Government of India and the State Governments, including those of autonomous bodies and corporations substantially financed by the Government.
• The CAG is ranked 9th and enjoys the same status as a sitting judge of Supreme Court of India in order of precedence.

Refer: facts for prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/12/26/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-26-december-2022/

Ans: (a)

Explanation:

• Tax revenue is charged on income earned by an individual or an entity (direct tax) and on the value of transaction of goods and services (indirect tax). On the other hand, non-tax revenue is charged against services provided by the government. It also includes interest charged on loans advanced by the government for various purposes.

Refer: facts for prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/12/26/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-26-december-2022/

Ans: (b)

Explanation: Missions on Mars:

• UAE: Hope
• China: Tianwen-1
• ESA: Mars Express and ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter
• Nasa: Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, Mars Odyssey, MAVEN, Curiosity rover
• India: Mangalyan

Refer: facts for prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/12/26/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-26-december-2022/

Ans: (c )

Explanation:

• The Great Barrier Reef is located in the tropical waters of Far North Queensland. The marine park stretches over 3000km (1800 miles) almost parallel to the Queensland coast, from near the coastal town of Bundaberg, up past the tip of Cape York.

Refer: facts for prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/12/26/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-26-december-2022/

Ans: (c )

Explanation:

• The Great Barrier Reef is the world’s largest coral reef system composed of over 2,900 individual reefs and 900 islands stretching for over 2,300 kilometres over an area of approximately 344,400 square kilometres.

Refer: facts for prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/12/26/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-26-december-2022/

Ans: (c )

Explanation:

• About the emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri): It is the tallest and heaviest of all living penguin species and is endemic to Antarctica.

Refer: facts for prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/12/26/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-26-december-2022/

Ans: (d)

Explanation:  eSHRAM portal.

• It is a centralized database seeded with Aadhaar. It will be used for delivery of social security benefits as implemented by Central & State Ministries. It will also ensure portability of the social security and welfare benefits to the migrant and construction workers at their working places.
• Any worker who is unorganized and aged between 16-59, is eligible to register on the eSHRAM portal.

Refer: facts for prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/12/26/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-26-december-2022/

Ans: (c )

Explanation:

• Cornwallis (1786-1793) had an excellent team of subordinates comprising John Shore, James Grant, and Sir William In the work of judicial reorganization, Cornwallis secured the services of Sir William Jones, who was a judge and a great scholar Civil and criminal courts were completely reorganized.
• Lord Cornwallis’ most conspicuous administrative measure was the Permanent Land Revenue Settlement of Bengal, which was extended to the provinces of Bihar and Orissa. Recall that Warren Hastings introduced the annual lease system of auctioning the land to the highest bidder. After a prolonged discussion with his colleagues like Sir John Shore and James Grant he decided to abolish the annual lease system and introduce a decennial (Ten years)settlement which was subsequently declared to be continuous.
• Cornwallis inaugurated the policy of making appointments mainly on the basis of merit thereby laying the foundation of the Indian Civil Service. To cut down on extravagances, he abolished a number of surplus posts. Another major reform that Cornwallis introduced was the separation of the three branches of service, namely commercial, judicial and revenue.

Refer: facts for prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/12/26/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-26-december-2022/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• S1:Soil water holding capacity is the amount of water that a given soil can hold for crop use. Soil texture and organic matter are the key components that determine soil water holding capacity. Organic matter influences the physical conditions of a soil in several ways. Plant residues that cover the soil surface protect the soil from sealing and crusting by raindrop impact, thereby enhancing rainwater infiltration and reducing runoff. Each 1 percent increase in soil organic matter helps soil hold 20,000 gallons more water per acre.
• S2:Sulphur is one of three nutrients that are cycled between the soil, plant matter and the atmosphere. The sulphur cycle describes the movement of sulphur through the atmosphere, mineral and organic forms, and through living things. Although sulphur is primarily found in sedimentary rocks, it is particularly important to living things because it is a component of many proteins
• S3:Salinization is a major problem associated with irrigation, because deposits of salts build up in the soil and can reach levels that are harmful to crops. Hence statement 3 is correct

Refer: UPSC CSE 2018