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General Studies – 1
Topic: Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.
Difficulty level: Tough
Reference: Indian Express , Insights on India
Why the question:
Two sites in Gujarat have made it to the tentative list of UNESCO World Heritage sites: Vadnagar, and the Sun Temple of Modhera, both in the Mehsana district of northern Gujarat.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the role played by the UNESCO world heritage sites in conservation efforts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by writing the objectives of UNESCOs world heritage sites (WHS).
Body:
In the detail, write about the issues faced by sites having cultural, historical and scientific significance in present day – poor conservation, negligence, encroachment etc.
Next, write about the measures taken by UNESCOs WHS in order to overcome the above.
Next, write about the successes and criticism of UNESCOs WHS programmes. Substantiate with examples.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing the bitter lessons learnt in 1962 are relevant in modern day geopolitics.
Topic: population and associated issues.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Indian Express , Insights on India/
Why the question:
Sometime in April 2023, we estimate that India’s 1.43 billion people will exceed China’s population.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about different approaches to be taken in education, health and skill development to create welfare and prosperity for the country.
Directive word:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving context and citing statistic regarding the population growth in India.
Body:
In the first part, write about the challenges that India will face because of it growing population.
Next, write about the various different approaches in education, health and skill development that need to be taken in the order ensure there is equitable growth and development resulting in a welfare state.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
General Studies – 2
Topic: Statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial bodies.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Indian Express
Why the question:
In the decades after Independence, several agencies like the ED, CBI, Election Commission of India, the erstwhile Planning Commission, University Grants Commission, national academies, Indian Council for Historical Research, and several such institutions were allowed to nurture their own traditions of intellectual, professional and executive autonomy.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the limitations in the working of CBI and ED and its impact.
Directive word:
Critically analyze – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary. When ‘critically’ is suffixed or prefixed to a directive, one needs to look at the good and bad of the topic and give a balanced judgment on the topic.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin your answer by giving brief about CBI and ED as the premier investigating agencies of the government.
Body:
First, write about the roles and responsibilities of CBI and ED.
Next, discuss the issues affecting their performance – political pressure, staff shortage, case burden, delays in investigation, consent withdrawal by some states and corruption etc. Write about its impact.
Next, suggest reforms that are needed.
Conclusion:
Comment with a balanced way forward.
Topic: Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, Nano-technology, biotechnology and issues relating to intellectual property rights.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: The Hindu , Insights on India
Why the question:
More than 140 experts and dignitaries have signed an open letter published by the Outer Space Institute (OSI) calling for both national and multilateral efforts to restrict uncontrolled re-entries — the phenomenon of rocket parts falling back to earth in unguided fashion once their missions are complete. Among others, the letter is addressed to S. Somanath, chairman of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).
Key Demand of the question:
To write about various types of orbits and issues associated with uncontrolled re-entry of rockets
Directive word:
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by defining an orbit.
Body:
First, write about different types of orbit for satellite launches from earth and their functions. Draw a small representative diagram of the same – Geostationary orbit (GEO), Low Earth orbit (LEO), Medium Earth orbit (MEO), Polar orbit and Sun-synchronous orbit (SSO), Transfer orbits and geostationary transfer orbit (GTO) and Lagrange points (L-points)
Next, in detail, write about the uncontrolled re-entries of rockets into the earth’s orbit and issues associated with it.
Next, write about the measures needed to overcome the above issues.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward.
General Studies – 3
Topic: linkages of organized crime with terrorism.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: The Hindu , Insights on India
Why the question:
The world has been witnessing a flurry of meetings and conferences on the issue of countering terrorism worldwide. The list resembles an alphabetic soup, viz., meetings of the United Nations Security Council Counter-Terrorism Committee, the No Money for Terror Conference, and an Interpol Conference in which terrorism figured prominently.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the interlinkages between terror groups and threat of emerging technologies, its impact and need for collaboration to eliminate it.
Directive word:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin the answer by citing the complexity of terror networks.
Body:
First, mention the various inter-links between terror groups and various organised crimes which has made a terrorism a global problem and issues created by the emerging technologies.
Next, write about the various government measures in this direction and the needs for greater global and national cooperation and collaboration in order to tackle this issue on global level.
Conclusion:
Conclude with solutions to address the issue.
General Studies – 4
Topic: Philosophical basis of governance and probity
6. Explain the essential attributes of ethical governance with examples. (250 words)
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4 and part of Mission-2022 Secure (revision).
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the attributes of ethical governance.
Explain – Clarify the topic by giving a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by defining ethical governance.
Body:
Write about the various attributes of ethical governance – ethical behaviours, processes, procedures, culture, ways of doing and being that ensure high standards of performance, economy, effectiveness, efficiency, quality and satisfaction etc. Cite examples to substantiate.
Conclusion:
Conclude by summarising.
Topic: corporate governance.
Difficulty level: Tough
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4 and part of Mission-2022 Secure (revision).
Key Demand of the question:
To write about shortcomings of corporate governance in India.
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by defining corporate governance.
Body:
Write about the various limitations and shortcomings of corporate governance – frequent scams, lack of transparency, absences of accountability, corruption etc. Give recent examples like Yes bank, NSE scam.
Suggest steps to overcome the above.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
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