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General Studies – 1
Topic: Salient features of world’s physical geography.
Difficulty level: Easy
Reference: Indian Express , Insights on India
Why the question:
For two consecutive mornings, dense fog has enveloped northwestern India, including Delhi, Punjab, Haryana, parts of Uttar Pradesh, and parts of Rajasthan.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the mechanism of formation of fog, factors aiding formation of smog and its impact.
Introduction:
Begin by defining fog as a type of condensation.
Body:
First, write about the mechanism that leads to the formation of fog in the atmosphere.
Next, write about smog and the factors that result in the formation of smog.
Next, mention the adverse impact of smog on – weather, health, transportation, buildings, plants etc.
Conclusion:
Conclude by mentioning steps to overcome the adverse effects of smog.
General Studies – 2
Topic: Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc., geographical features and their location-changes in critical geographical features (including water-bodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Down to Earth
Why the question:
A warming planet is resulting in the loss of the Earth’s cryosphere — parts of the planet where water is permanently frozen such as glaciers and ice sheets, and this could be resurrecting trapped pathogens, giving rise to potential public health threats, find a new study.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about permafrost, its global distribution and impact of its thawing.
Directive word:
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by defining permafrost.
Body:
First, with a map, show the major areas of the world that are covered with permafrost.
Next, write about the thawing of permafrost under the impact of global warming.
Next, write about the impact of thawing of permafrost – Thawing permafrost can raise water levels in Earth’s oceans and increase erosion, resurrecting trapped pathogens, giving rise to potential public health threats etc.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way froward to handle the above challenges.
Topic: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.
Difficulty level: Tough
Reference: Indian Express , The Hindu
Why the question:
The deadline for comments on the Digital Personal Data Protection (PDP) Bill, 2022, has been extended till January 2, 2023. The Bill of 2022 incorporates hefty penalties for non-compliance, but which are capped without any link to the turnover of the entity in question.
Key Demand of the question:
To analyse the proposed Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2022, its potential and limitations in upholding right to information.
Directive word:
Comment– here we must express our knowledge and understanding of the issue and form an overall opinion thereupon.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by writing about the aims and objectives of Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2022.
Body:
In the first part, write about the major provisions of Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2022.
Next, write about the positives of the bill in ensuring adequate safeguards in upholding the right to privacy.
Next, write about the major shortcomings of the Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2022 and especially in regards to putting limitations on right to information.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a balanced opinion.
General Studies – 3
Topic: Inclusive growth and issues arising from it.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Down to Earth
Why the question:
Undoubtedly, financial technology (fintech) is driving greater financial inclusion. Innovations are giving people more access to financial services through mobile and computing services, the internet, and payment cards. One of these services is microcredit: Small loans for individuals and informal businesses.
Key Demand of the question:
To understand the nature and functioning of microfinance industry and its role in eradicating poverty and its limitations.
Directive word:
Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by mentioning the credit lending structure of microfinance industry.
Body:
First, describe the lack of formal credit lending structures to the poor for initiating some business or investment activity and with no collateral.
Next, highlight the role of microfinance sector in empowering women and help the poor to begin an income generating activity and take up small entrepreneurial ventures through small capital financing.
Next, mention few successful models of microfinancing in India and abroad and a few takeaways from them.
Next, write about the limitations of micro-finance in India.
Conclusion:
Conclude by mentioning a way forward.
Topic: Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Down to Earth , Insights on India
Why the question:
Funds from Project Tiger as well as the Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management & Planning Authority (CAMPA) were used to finance the project to bring African cheetahs to India, the Union government told Parliament December 19, 2022.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the achievements and limitations of project tiger in India.
Directive word:
Evaluate – When you are asked to evaluate, you have to pass a sound judgement about the truth of the given statement in the question or the topic based on evidence. You must appraise the worth of the statement in question. There is scope for forming an opinion here.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start by explaining the aims and objectives behind the launch of project tiger.
Body:
First, write about the crisis in tiger population before the launch of Project Tiger. Mention the steps that were introduced as part of tiger conservation efforts.
Next, evaluate in success in achieving improvements in tiger numbers. Also, mention the various how it also conserved the local flora and fauna of ecosystems.
Next, write about the limitations of the project Tiger.
Conclusion:
Conclude by stressing on the need to keep up the conservation efforts.
General Studies – 4
Topic: ethics – in private and public relationships.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4 and mentioned as part of Mission-2023 Secure timetable (revision).
Key Demand of the question:
To write about ethical principles that should govern private relationships and their importance.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start by giving context of private relationships.
Body:
First, write about the five ethical principles that should govern private relationships according to you – Care and Affection, Fidelity, Confidentiality, Truthfulness, Responsibility & Accountability, Tolerance and acceptance of minor imperfections etc.
Next, write about why the above mentioned principles are important.
Conclusion:
Conclude by summarising.
Topic: Human Values – lessons from the lives and teachings of great leaders, reformers and administrators;
Difficulty level: Tough
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4 and mentioned as part of Mission-2023 Secure timetable (revision).
Directive word:
Critically analyze – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary. When ‘critically’ is suffixed or prefixed to a directive, one needs to look at the good and bad of the topic and give a balanced judgment on the topic.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start by defining contentment.
Body:
Write about the importance of contentment – Contentment means to be happy with what you have, who you are, and where you are. It is respecting the reality of the present. It is appreciating what you do have and where you are in life.
Next, write about the critique of contentment and how it can negatively impact.
Next, write that Contentment does not mean the absence of desire; it just means you are satisfied with your present, and you trust that the turns your life takes will be for the best.
Cite suitable examples to substantiate the above.
Conclusion:
Complete the answer by summarising.
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