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Question 1 of 5
1. Question
The ocean has several micronutrients, minerals and trace metals like cadmium or copper. Trace metals are supplied to oceans via
- Hydrothermal activities
- Continental shelf interaction
- Continental run-offs
- Atmospheric deposition
Select the correct answer code:
Correct
Solution: d)
Trace metals like cadmium or copper are supplied to oceans via continental run-offs, atmospheric deposition, hydrothermal activities and continental shelf interaction. They are essential for ocean productivity.
Incorrect
Solution: d)
Trace metals like cadmium or copper are supplied to oceans via continental run-offs, atmospheric deposition, hydrothermal activities and continental shelf interaction. They are essential for ocean productivity.
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Question 2 of 5
2. Question
Consider the following statements regarding Wet-bulb temperature.
- Wet-bulb temperature represents the lowest temperature air can reach by evaporation of water.
- It is used to measure both heat and humidity of a place.
- Generally a dry heatwave is more dangerous than a humid heatwave for human beings.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Correct
Solution: a)
When human beings feel hot, they cool themselves by sweating. However, if the humidity is too high, sweating no longer works and one risks dangerous overheating.
In this case, “wet-bulb” temperature is used to measure both heat and humidity, helping estimate whether conditions are safe for humans or not.Measured on a different scale compared with normal temperatures, where 35 degrees Celsius is the maximum or threshold limit, wet-bulb temperature of 32 degrees can mean that even fit, acclimatised people will not be able to work easily.
With climate change, the number of such potentially dangerous days, where high heat and humidity combine, are also increasing.
At present, most of India experiences 12 to 66 days annually of this potentially deadly heat and high humidity combination with hotspots along the east coast.
A humid heatwave was a lot more dangerous compared with a dry heatwave.
While the human skin has a temperature of around 35 degrees Celsius, a wet-bulb with the same heat means sweat can no longer be used to cool the body.
Wet-bulb temperature is measured by wrapping a wet cloth around the bulb of a thermometer. It represents the lowest temperature air can reach by evaporation of water. Internationally, the wet-bulb globe temperature is calculated by using a globe thermometer and additionally accounting for solar radiation and wind speed.
Incorrect
Solution: a)
When human beings feel hot, they cool themselves by sweating. However, if the humidity is too high, sweating no longer works and one risks dangerous overheating.
In this case, “wet-bulb” temperature is used to measure both heat and humidity, helping estimate whether conditions are safe for humans or not.Measured on a different scale compared with normal temperatures, where 35 degrees Celsius is the maximum or threshold limit, wet-bulb temperature of 32 degrees can mean that even fit, acclimatised people will not be able to work easily.
With climate change, the number of such potentially dangerous days, where high heat and humidity combine, are also increasing.
At present, most of India experiences 12 to 66 days annually of this potentially deadly heat and high humidity combination with hotspots along the east coast.
A humid heatwave was a lot more dangerous compared with a dry heatwave.
While the human skin has a temperature of around 35 degrees Celsius, a wet-bulb with the same heat means sweat can no longer be used to cool the body.
Wet-bulb temperature is measured by wrapping a wet cloth around the bulb of a thermometer. It represents the lowest temperature air can reach by evaporation of water. Internationally, the wet-bulb globe temperature is calculated by using a globe thermometer and additionally accounting for solar radiation and wind speed.
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Question 3 of 5
3. Question
Consider the following statements regarding Winter Solstice.
- The winter solstice occurs when one of the Earth’s poles has its maximum tilt away from the Sun.
- At the pole, there is continuous darkness or twilight around the winter solstice.
- The seasonal significance of the winter solstice is in the reversal of the gradual lengthening of nights and shortening of days.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Correct
Solution: d)
The winter solstice occurs when one of the Earth’s poles has its maximum tilt away from the Sun. It happens twice yearly, once in each hemisphere (Northern and Southern). For that hemisphere, the winter solstice is the day with the shortest period of daylight and longest night of the year, when the Sun is at its lowest daily maximum elevation in the sky. At the pole, there is continuous darkness or twilight around the winter solstice. Its opposite is the summer solstice.
In the Northern Hemisphere, this is the December solstice (usually 21 or 22 December) and in the Southern Hemisphere, this is the June solstice (usually 20 or 21 June).
The seasonal significance of the winter solstice is in the reversal of the gradual lengthening of nights and shortening of days.
Incorrect
Solution: d)
The winter solstice occurs when one of the Earth’s poles has its maximum tilt away from the Sun. It happens twice yearly, once in each hemisphere (Northern and Southern). For that hemisphere, the winter solstice is the day with the shortest period of daylight and longest night of the year, when the Sun is at its lowest daily maximum elevation in the sky. At the pole, there is continuous darkness or twilight around the winter solstice. Its opposite is the summer solstice.
In the Northern Hemisphere, this is the December solstice (usually 21 or 22 December) and in the Southern Hemisphere, this is the June solstice (usually 20 or 21 June).
The seasonal significance of the winter solstice is in the reversal of the gradual lengthening of nights and shortening of days.
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Question 4 of 5
4. Question
Consider the following statements regarding Geomagnetic reversal.
- A geomagnetic reversal is a change in a planet’s magnetic field such that the positions of geographic north and geographic south are interchanged.
- It will have an effect on the animals that use Earth’s magnetic field for navigation.
Which of the above statements is/are incorrect?
Correct
Solution: a)
A geomagnetic reversal is a change in a planet’s magnetic field such that the positions of magnetic north and magnetic south are interchanged (not to be confused with geographic north and geographic south). Reversal occurrences are statistically random.
The only major, noticeable effect that’s guaranteed to occur when the polar flop is finished is that your compass needle will tell you that North is in Antarctica and South is somewhere near Canada.
Another interesting consequence will be that animals that use Earth’s magnetic field for navigation—including birds, salmon, and sea turtles—could get lost during their routine journeys.
Incorrect
Solution: a)
A geomagnetic reversal is a change in a planet’s magnetic field such that the positions of magnetic north and magnetic south are interchanged (not to be confused with geographic north and geographic south). Reversal occurrences are statistically random.
The only major, noticeable effect that’s guaranteed to occur when the polar flop is finished is that your compass needle will tell you that North is in Antarctica and South is somewhere near Canada.
Another interesting consequence will be that animals that use Earth’s magnetic field for navigation—including birds, salmon, and sea turtles—could get lost during their routine journeys.
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Question 5 of 5
5. Question
Consider the following statements regarding Marine heatwaves.
- Marine heat waves can occur in both Equatorial regions and higher latitudes.
- They occur only during summer and not during winter.
- El Nino can also lead to marine heatwaves.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Correct
Solution: b)
Heatwaves can also occur in the ocean and these are known as marine heatwaves, or MHWs. These marine heatwaves, when ocean temperatures are extremely warm for an extended period of time can have significant impacts on marine ecosystems and industries. Marine heatwaves can occur in summer or winter – they are defined based on differences with expected temperatures for the location and time of year.
The most common drivers of marine heatwaves include ocean currents which can build up areas of warm water and air-sea heat flux, or warming through the ocean surface from the atmosphere.
El Nino can also lead to marine heatwaves.
Incorrect
Solution: b)
Heatwaves can also occur in the ocean and these are known as marine heatwaves, or MHWs. These marine heatwaves, when ocean temperatures are extremely warm for an extended period of time can have significant impacts on marine ecosystems and industries. Marine heatwaves can occur in summer or winter – they are defined based on differences with expected temperatures for the location and time of year.
The most common drivers of marine heatwaves include ocean currents which can build up areas of warm water and air-sea heat flux, or warming through the ocean surface from the atmosphere.
El Nino can also lead to marine heatwaves.
