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General Studies – 1
Topic: Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant events, personalities, issues.
Difficulty level: Easy
Reference: Indian Express , Insights on India
Why the question:
Four revolutionaries of the Indian independence movement were hanged on December 17 (Rajendranath Lahiri) and December 19 (Ashfaqullah Khan, Ram Prasad Bismil, Thakur Roshan Singh) in 1927. This came two years after the Kakori Train Robbery, in which members of the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) had looted a train transporting money to the British treasury.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the causes for the rise of revolutionary national movement and its contribution.
Directive word:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Introduction:
Start by writing about revolutionary national movement and its nature of struggle. Mention important organizations and revolutionaries.
Body:
First, write about the causes for the rise of revolutionary nationalist movement – failure of moderates, lack of progress, high handedness of British etc.
Next, outline the major contributions of the revolutionary nationalists – spreading patriotism, creating fear in the minds of British, making them grant concessions, uniting the people of India, inspiring the youth.
Conclusion:
Conclude by summarising.
Topic: Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary—Ministries and Departments of the Government
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: The Hindu , Insights on India
Why the question:
The Chief Justice of India D.Y. Chandrachud stated that increasing the number of judges will not demolish the perennial problem of pendency, and that it is difficult enough now to find good High Court judge material.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the causes for pendency of cases in India, its impact and suggest measures to overcome.
Directive word:
Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Describe the current conditions with few vital statistics to substantiate the tendencies.
Body:
First write the causes for it – The cumulative effect of persisting vacancies, strained budgets, inadequate infrastructure combined with the continuous inflow of cases inevitably impacts mounting pendency and the time taken for cases to resolve.
Next bring out the impact of it – faith in the justice system, under trial prisoners their due of justice, impact on Economic reforms and foreign investors, Judiciary becomes overworked and lose its efficiency.
Suggest measures to overcome the above.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward to ensure speedy delivery of justice.
Topic: Important aspects of governance, transparency and accountability, e-governance applications, models, successes, limitations, and potential; citizens charters, transparency & accountability and institutional and other measures.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: The Hindu , nsights on India
Why the question:
As India enters its good governance week (December 19-25, 2022), India has made a lot of progress on good governance beyond motherhood, but it is an endless journey; not a one-off destination to be reached.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about good governance and its various dimensions and measures needed to achieve it.
Directive word:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by defining good governance.
Body:
First, elaborate up on the various components of good governance.
Next, discuss in detail various dimensions of good governance in India – administration, g-governance, finances, infrastructure, welfare and people’s happiness etc.
Next, suggest reforms to achieve it.
Conclusion:
Conclude by stressing on the importance of good governance to India.
Topic: Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.
Difficulty level: Tough
Reference: Down to Earth , Insights on India
Why the question:
India, along with China, is the world’s largest coal producer, consumer and importer. Its own coal production will surpass a billion tonnes by 2025, the annual report of the International Energy Agency (IEA).
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the importance of coal for India and steps that are needed to harness it effectively and efficiently.
Directive word:
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving facts regarding the coal production in the country.
Body:
First, write in detail about the importance of coal to India’s energy security and economy. Cite statistics to substantiate.
Next, write about the measures that are needed for better planning, infrastructure development and increase of domestic supplies of coal
Next, write about the need to cut dependency of coal and move towards renewable source of energy.
Conclusion:
Conclude with way forward.
Topic: Achievements of Indians in science & technology; indigenization of technology and developing new technology.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: The Hindu , Insights on India
Why the question:
The 2022 Nobel Prize for physics was awarded for work that rigorously tested one such ‘experience’ and paved the way for its applications in computing – which speaks to the contemporary importance of Quantum computers.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about quantum entanglement and it applications.
Directive word:
Explain – Clarify the topic by giving a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by defining quantum computing.
Body:
First, briefly, explain about the mechanism of quantum computing and how it works.
Next, write in detail about the various applications of quantum computing and its scope. Cite examples.
Next, write about the measures taken by India to promote quantum technologies.
Conclusion:
Conclude by summarising.
Topic: Citizen’s Charters
Difficulty Level: Easy
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4 and part of Mission-2022 Secure.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by defining citizen charter.
Body:
First, mention the shortcoming of citizen charters – not formulated through a consultative process, lack of awareness, absence of grievance redressal etc.
Next, suggest steps to overcome the above shortcomings.
Conclusion:
Conclude by stressing on need to make the charters effective to provide high quality public service delivery.
Topic: Utilization of public funds;
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude by Lexicon Publications.
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4 and part of Mission-2022 Secure.
Key Demand of the question:
To explain how transparency in utilization of public funds of the country will improve it efficacy.
Directive:
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Discuss the importance of transparency and accountability in public funds.
Body:
Explain the lacunae in the country with respect to utilization of public funds such as corruption, nepotism, incomplete works, bad quality work, siphoning funds etc.
Discuss the significance of Transparency and efficiency as tools for monitoring and supervising distribution of public fund.
Explain various mechanisms through which it can be done – Public Fund Management System, Auditing agencies – CAG, Budgeting – Outcome based budgeting, zero base budgeting, Participation and transparency – Social Auditing, Financial Prudence etc.
Conclusion:
Summarize of this will aid in the developmental process of the country as well as reduce corrupt practices.
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