[Mission 2023] QUED ( Questions from Editorials ) 14 December 2022

Solution: d)

The Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PMJAY) falls under Ayushman Bharat. PM-JAY is the largest health assurance scheme in the world which aims at providing a health cover of Rs. 5 lakhs per family per year for secondary and tertiary care hospitalization to over 10.74 crores poor and vulnerable families (approximately 50 crore beneficiaries) that form the bottom 40% of the Indian population. The households included are based on the deprivation and occupational criteria of Socio-Economic Caste Census 2011 (SECC 2011) for rural and urban areas respectively. 

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Solution: c)

The Bretton Woods Institutions are the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). They were set up at a meeting of countries in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, USA in July 1944. Their aims were to help rebuild the shattered post-war economy and to promote international economic cooperation.

Solution: b)

NavIC is India’s homegrown alternative to GPS. At present, it consists of eight satellites, covering the whole of India and up to 1,500 km from its boundaries.

NavIC is mainly being used in public vehicle tracking, to provide emergency warning alerts to fishermen venturing into the deep sea, and for tracking data related to natural disasters.

ISRO plans to set up ground stations in Japan and France to better triangulate the entire area under NavIC coverage – the system is likely to become more accurate than GPS. The satellites placed directly over India also ensure better availability of signals in varied geographical regions compared to GPS, which India receives at an angle, making it difficult to access in dense forests or valleys.

Apart from the US-owned GPS, the other prominent global navigation systems are Galileo from the European Union, Russia-owned GLONASS and China’s Beidou.

QZSS, operated by Japan, is another regional navigation system covering Asia-Oceania region.

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Solution: d)

Throughout his writings and speeches, Dr B.R. Ambedkar elaborated on ideas of anti-casteism, democracy, the dignity of the oppressed, social mobility, etc. His landmark text, Annihilation of Caste, takes a critical look at the existence of the caste system in India, and why it must go for the country to fully transition into a democracy.

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Solution: c)

Fortification is the practice of deliberately increasing the content of an essential micronutrient, i.e. vitamins and minerals (including trace elements) in a food, so as to improve the nutritional quality of the food supply and provide a public health benefit with minimal risk to health.

Biofortification is the process by which the nutritional quality of food crops is improved through agronomic practices, conventional plant breeding, or modern biotechnology.

• Biofortification differs from conventional fortification in that bio fortification aims to increase nutrient levels in crops during plant growth rather than through manual means during processing of the crops.

Examples of bio fortification projects include:

• iron-biofortification of rice, beans, sweet potato, cassava and legumes;
• zinc-biofortification of wheat, rice, beans, sweet potato and maize;
• provitamin A carotenoid-biofortification of sweet potato, maize and cassava; and
• amino acid and protein-biofortification of sourghum and cassava.