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General Studies – 1
Topic: Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc.,
Difficulty level: Easy
Reference: Indian Express , Insights on India
Why the question:
With the cyclonic storm ‘Mandous’, brewing over the Bay of Bengal, likely to hit north Tamil Nadu and Puducherry coasts around December 10, intense rain lashed many districts of Tamil Nadu since Thursday. The IMD in its forecast On December 9, predicted intense rain with intense spells of rain likely to occur at a few places over Tiruvallur, Chennai, Chengalpattu and Kancheepuram districts, it said.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the process of tropical cyclogenesis with factors responsible for it.
Directive word:
Explain – Clarify the topic by giving a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by defining cyclogenesis.
Body:
In the first part, with a small-labelled diagram explain the process of cyclogenesis.
Next, write about the various factors responsible for tropical cyclogenesis – sufficiently warm sea surface temperatures, atmospheric instability, high humidity in the lower to middle levels of the troposphere, enough Coriolis force to sustain a low-pressure centre, a pre-existing low level focus or disturbance, and low vertical wind shear etc. Cite examples to substantiate.
Conclusion:
Conclude by summarising.
General Studies – 2
Topic: Appointment to various Constitutional posts, powers, functions and responsibilities of various Constitutional Bodies.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: The Hindu , Insights on India
Why the question:
There is no proposal at present to reintroduce a bill on National Judicial Appointments Commission (NJAC), Rajya Sabha was informed on Thursday
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the efficacy of NJAC over the collegium system.
Directive word:
Comment– here we must express our knowledge and understanding of the issue and form an overall opinion thereupon.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving context of the introduction of NJAC.
Body:
In brief, write process which NJAC undertook for the appointment and transfer of judges to the higher judiciary.
Next, write about the advantages of NJAC over the existing collegium system in improving transparency and efficiency of the process.
Next, write about the drawbacks of the NJAC.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a balanced opinion on the issue.
General Studies – 3
Topic: India and its neighborhood- relations.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Indian Express , Insights on India
Why the question:
NSA Ajit Doval’s meeting with his Central Asia counterparts this month is part of India’s push to widen and deepen ties with countries in the region. The outreach is aimed at ensuring security, and political and economic benefits from the engagement.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the manner in which India can manage opportunities and challenges in central Asia.
Directive word:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving context as to how central Asia is India’s “extended neighborhood”
Body:
In the first part, mention the economic considerations of India in that region – India for priority development projects in energy, healthcare, connectivity, IT, agriculture, education, etc.
Next, write about long-term security threats emanating out of the region especially in regard to the recent changes witnessed in Afghanistan.
Also, mention India’s ‘Connect Central Asia Policy’, role of INSTC and Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) in the above-mentioned aspects.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward to better manage ties.
Topic: Effects of liberalization on the economy.
Difficulty level: Tough
Reference: Live mint , Insights on India
Why the question:
A distinguished economist has argued in an Economic Times op-ed that India must strive during its year-long G20 presidency, which started from December 1, to get the Bretton Woods institutions, particularly the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank to modernise themselves
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the drawbacks of WB and IMF and suggest possible reforms in it and to write about the potential of AIIB and NDB as alternatives to IMF and WB.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving context.
Body:
First, in brief, write about the major aspects of global economy that WB and IMF deal with.
Next, using facts and figures to substantiate, give the successes and limitations of WB and IMF in regards to – voting rights, dominance by global north, foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world etc.
Next, suggest possible reforms that are needed in the IMF.
Next, write about the potential and limitations of AIIB and NDB to be alternatives for IMF and WB.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
Topic: Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Down to Earth , Insights on India
Why the question:
Renewable energy will comprise 90 per cent of global electricity capacity expansion in the next five years and much of it will be in India, according to a new study by the autonomous intergovernmental organisation, International Energy Agency (IEA).
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the scope and limiting factors in the growth of solar energy and measures taken by the government to promote them,
Directive word:
Evaluate – When you are asked to evaluate, you have to pass a sound judgement about the truth of the given statement in the question or the topic based on evidence. You must appraise the worth of the statement in question. There is scope for forming an opinion here.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving context regarding the development of solar energy in India.
Body:
First, mention about the huge potential for growth, emission-free nature and consistent nature of solar energy production in contrast with other forms of energy.
Next, evaluate the various constraining factors for a solar energy – such as land requirement, man power, financing, efficiency and manufacturing needs etc.
Next, write about the various measures taken by the government to promote solar energy.
Conclusion:
Conclude with way forward.
General Studies – 4
Topic: Aptitude and foundational values for Civil Service, integrity, impartiality and non-partisanship, objectivity, dedication to public service, empathy, tolerance and compassion towards the weaker-sections.
Difficulty level: Easy
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4 and part of Mission-2023 Secure.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about how Integrity is at the core of good character.
Directive word:
Substantiate – When you are asked to Substantiate, you must pass a sound judgement about the truth of the given statement in the question or the topic based on evidence. You must appraise the worth of the statement in question using suitable case studies or/ and examples.
Introduction:
Begin by defining what is Integrity.
Body:
Mention how integrity boosts the moral values such as honesty, fairness, decency etc that boosts one’s moral character and contributes to an ethical system. Use examples to support the argument.
Also, write about how with having Integrity as foundational value, we can add more virtues for ethical development.
Conclusion:
Mention that it further boosts self-awareness of individuals and aids for a just society.
Topic: Aptitude and foundational values for Civil Service, integrity, impartiality and nonpartisanship, objectivity, dedication to public service, empathy, tolerance and compassion towards the weaker-sections.
7. What are the factors that makes an individual develop compassion? (150 words)
Difficulty level: Moderate
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4 and part of Mission-2023 Secure.
Key Demand of the question:
To distinguish factors that lead to the development of compassion.
Directive word:
Substantiate – When you are asked to Substantiate, you must pass a sound judgement about the truth of the given statement in the question or the topic based on evidence. You must appraise the worth of the statement in question using suitable case studies or/ and examples.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by defining compassion.
Body:
Write about the factors that lead to development of compassion – influences, experiences, value education etc. Cite examples to substantiate.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing about importance of compassion.
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