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General Studies – 1
Topic: Social empowerment
Difficulty level: Tough
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
Early last month, the Supreme Court of India upheld the 103rd Constitutional Amendment Act, which had introduced 10% reservation for the economically weaker sections (EWS). The EWS quota and the Court judgment that followed have shifted the discussion on the legacy of affirmative action based on caste in India.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about impact of using income as a criterion for determining affirmative action.
Directive word:
Critically examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we have to look into the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications. When ‘critically’ is suffixed or prefixed to a directive, one needs to look at the good and bad of the topic and give a fair judgment.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving context.
Body:
In the first part, objective behind affirmative action/reservation in India – To rectify the past and historical injustice against the backward classes in India. To ensure that equal representation can be seen from people belonging to all castes in the services under the state and centre. To provide an equal platform for everyone irrespective of their caste etc.
Next, write about how introduction of economic criteria for reservation, instead of caste will affect the socially backward classes.
Next, give a counter dimension of the need of EWS reservation and the need to move away from caste-centric definition of backwardness.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a balanced opinion on the issue.
General Studies – 2
Topic: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
Crimes against tourists and other foreign nationals appear to be on the rise in India. Consider several recent cases, and the lessons they suggest. A few days ago, a Kerala session court sentenced two men to life imprisonment for the rape and murder of a Latvian tourist in 2018.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the potential of tourism in India and measures needed to enhance tourism and tourist security.
Directive word:
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by citing statistic regarding tourism in India.
Body:
In brief, write about the potential of tourism in India. With optimistic predictions of about 13.34 million foreign tourists arriving by 2024, Give facts and figures related to revenue and forex earnings, tourist footfalls. Also highlight the diverse nature of tourist circuits in the country.
Next, write about the various issues that hamper or hinder tourism in the country. security, infrastructure, connectivity etc.
Next, write about the measures that are needed to improve security aspects of the tourists.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward.
Topic: Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: The Hindu , Insights on India
Why the question:
German Foreign Minister Annalena Baerbock’s visit to India and talks with External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar have set the stage for a more updated bilateral relationship. The two sides signed an agreement on mobility and migration that boosts travel for students, researchers and investors and businesses, and the meeting was preceded by Germany’s agreement to fund renewable energy projects worth a billion Euros.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about key aspects of Indo-German cooperation and mutual interest and how the two nations are natural partners making joint efforts for prosperity.
Directive word:
Comment– here we must express our knowledge and understanding of the issue and form an overall opinion thereupon.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by writing about evolution of Indo-German relationship especially in the post-Merkel ere.
Body:
First, Discuss the commonalities between the two countries. E.g Both share common values and constitutional principles, and the bilateral relationship has always been based on great mutual respect and understanding. Today, India is one of the biggest and fastest-growing economies, and Germany is the biggest economy in Europe. Both are natural partners making a joint effort for prosperity, while ensuring that they safeguard the environment etc.
Next, write about the major differences and divergences between both the countries on the global issues.
Next, suggest areas where countries can further cooperate for mutual benefits – clean energy, trade, climate change etc.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing about taking forward Indo-German relations forward in post Merkel era.
General Studies – 3
Topic: Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth, development and employment.
Difficulty level: Tough
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
On Wednesday, the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) unveiled its latest review of the monetary policy. In it, the RBI cut India’s GDP (gross domestic product) growth forecast for the current financial year, maintained the inflation forecast, and raised the repo rate by 35 basis points.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the performance of RBI in containing inflation and how the changes in Repo rate will affect the economy.
Directive word:
Elaborate – Give a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by defining the monetary policy.
Body:
First, in brief, write in brief about the various components of monetary policy.
Next, write about the monetary policy committee (MPC), its aims and objectives. By citing statistics, write the success and limitations of MPC in controlling inflation and in creating conducive atmosphere for growth.
Next, write about the impact of increasing repo rate in the economy.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward to overcome the above-mentioned limitations.
Topic: Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Indian Express
Why the question:
India’s official statement at the summit coasted on what Union Minister for Environment, Forest and Climate Change Bhupender Yadav referred to as “a one-word mantra” set by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, with his penchant for anagrams, at COP26 in November 2021: “Lifestyle for Environment”, or “Mission LiFE”.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about India’s announcement at COP27, India’s performance with respect to SDG’s and changes required to achieve the target.
Directive word:
Critically analyze – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary. When ‘critically’ is suffixed or prefixed to a directive, one needs to look at the good and bad of the topic and give a balanced judgment on the topic.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving context about COP27.
Body:
First, write about the major announcements by India at COP27.
Next, mention the important SDGs in brief and write about the various measures taken in order to achieve them.
Next, evaluate India’s performance toward achieving various SDGs by 2030 and mention the shortfalls.
Next, write about the various course corrections that are required in order to ensure that SGDs are achieved by 2030.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward.
General Studies – 4
Topic: Attitude: content, structure, function; its influence and relation with thought and behaviour; moral and political attitudes; social influence and persuasion.
6. Attitudes are the building blocks of an individual’s character. Elaborate.
Difficulty level: Easy
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4 and part of Mission-2023 Secure.
Directive word:
Elaborate – Give a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by defining attitude.
Body:
Through suitable illustrations, how attitudes lead to form an individuals character – Explain how behaviour and attitude affect us and the need to adopt behaviours which are of empathy, compassion, fortitude and integrity. Cite suitable examples to substantiate your points on how attitude can be change and that change in the resultant behaviour.
Conclusion:
Conclude by summarising.
Topic: social influence and persuasion.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4 and part of Mission-2023 Secure.
Key Demand of the question:
To distinguish between persuasion and influence and its role in decision making.
Directive word:
Substantiate – When you are asked to Substantiate, you must pass a sound judgement about the truth of the given statement in the question or the topic based on evidence. You must appraise the worth of the statement in question using suitable case studies or/ and examples.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start by clearly defining Persuasion and Influence In your own words.
Body:
Through suitable illustrations, highlight the contrasting approaches of a Persuasion and Influence. Use examples to clearly outline the difference between the two.
Next, bring out how to it helps in changing decision making. Use examples to substantiate your argument.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a balanced opinion.
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