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General Studies – 1
Topic: Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc.,
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Down to Earth , Insights on India
Why the question:
Hawaii’s Mauna Loa, the world’s largest active volcano, began sending up fountains of glowing rock and spilling lava from fissures as its first eruption in nearly four decades began on Nov. 27, 2022.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the volcanic eruption, science behind their eruption and different nature of Hawaiian volcanoes.
Directive word:
Explain – Clarify the topic by giving a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving context.
Body:
First, write about the process of volcano formation – A volcano is a vent (opening) in the earth’s crust through which molten material erupts suddenly from a magma chamber below the surface. Due to very high temperatures, some rocks slowly melt and turn into a thick flowing matter known as magma. Since it is lighter than the solid rock around it, the magma rises and gets collected in magma chambers which eventually pushes through fissures and vents on the earth’s surface.
Next, write about the factors that make volcanic eruptions explosive in nature.
Next, write about the factors that make Hawaiian volcanoes different than the rest.
Conclusion:
Conclude by summarising.
General Studies – 2
Topic: Appointment to various Constitutional posts, powers, functions and responsibilities of various Constitutional Bodies.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: The Hindu , Insights on India
Why the question:
A five-judge Constitution Bench of the Supreme Court is examining a bunch of petitions recommending reforms in the process of appointment of members of the Election Commission. Their hearings have come not a moment too soon. It is hoped that the Bench will also examine electoral reforms suggested to governments by successive Election Commissions over the last two decades or so.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the issues in the functioning of ECI and suggest measures to overcome the same.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by writing about the aims and objectives of ECI.
Body:
First, write about the challenges and issues in the functioning of the ECI – Appointment issues, security of tenure, post-retirement appointment, financial autonomy, conflict between constitutional and legal powers and upholding its credibility etc.
Next, write about the reforms that are needed in order to resolve the above-mentioned issues and challenges.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward.
General Studies – 3
Topic: Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment.
Difficulty level: Tough
Reference: Live Mint Investopedia
Why the question:
In 1972, Nobel laureate James Tobin had suggested what came to be known as the Tobin tax. In essence, it would be an obligation on financial institutions to pay a cess on their currency transactions, but not investment flows. The ultimate aim would be to raise money for development and climate finance and make a sustainable economic recovery more feasible.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about Tobin tax and its efficacy in raising money for climate finance.
Directive word:
Critically examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we have to look into the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications. When ‘critically’ is suffixed or prefixed to a directive, one needs to look at the good and bad of the topic and give a fair judgment.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by defining Tobin tax.
Body:
First, write about the objectives behind Tobin tax and how it works. Substantiate by citing an example.
Next, write about the efficacy if imposing a Tobin Tax for the climate change loss and damage fund. Mention the pros and cons of the both, opportunities and hindrances to levy the tax.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward and balanced opinion on Tobin tax and its efficacy in raising money for climate finance.
Topic: money laundering and its prevention.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 3 and mentioned as part of Mission-2023 (Revision) Secure timetable.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about how cryptocurrency has facilitated money laundering and measures needed to prevent it.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start by giving context regarding the challenges posed by cryptocurrency.
Body:
First, explain in detail as to how crypto can facilitate money laundering and challenges it poses for the enforcement agencies to tack and analyse it.
Next, write about the measures that are needed to ensure this growing technology is regulated and challenges associated with it are overcome.
Conclusion:
Conclude by summarising.
Topic: Linkages between development and spread of extremism.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 3 and mentioned as part of Mission-2023 (Revision) Secure timetable.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the efficacy of BSF in dealing with illegal migration and cross-border crimes.
Directive word:
Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by mentioning the objectives of BSF.
Body:
First, give a profile of BSF deployment across India’s borders and their responsibilities.
Next, write about the successes and limitations of BSF in dealing with major security issues such as – illegal migration, trafficking in person and narcotics as well as smuggling in fake Indian currency notes. Cite examples and facts.
Next, write about the measures that are needed to enhance the capacity of the BSF.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
General Studies – 4
Topic: Ethics and Human Interface: Essence, determinants and consequences of Ethics in-human actions; dimensions of ethics.
6. Is it ethical to lie to achieve an altruistic outcome for a considerable number of people?
Difficulty level: Moderate
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4 and part of ‘Abstract Thursdays’ in Mission-2023 Secure.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Define as to what constitutes a falsehood which has good outcome with an example.
Body:
In the first part, examine the nature of white lies and analyse the concept using various ethical theories and thinkers. Give examples to substantiate your arguments.
In the next part, give situations where it would be okay to use white lies and situations where white lies would not be right.
Conclusion:
Pass a balanced judgement that usage of white lies is based on situation but all lies are a form of deception. It would not be okay to justify white lies ethically unless there exist extra-ordinary circumstances.
Topic: Attitude: content, structure, function; its influence and relation with thought and behaviour
Difficulty level: Tough
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4 and part of ‘Abstract Thursdays’ in Mission-202 Secure.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start with defining Attitude and Behaviour.
Body:
Attitudes are views, beliefs, or evaluations of people about something (the attitude object). The attitude object can be a person, place, thing, ideology, or an event. Attitudes can be positive or negative
While attitude involves mind’s predisposition to certain ideas, values, people, systems, institutions; behaviour relates to the actual expression of feelings, action or inaction orally or/and through body language.
Explain that Difference between attitudes and behaviours is best described by cognitive dissonance theory.
Give examples to depict divergence in behaviour from attitude.
Conclusion:
Conclude with fair and balanced opinion.
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