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General Studies – 1
Topic: Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc.,
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Down to Earth , en.wikipedia.org , Insights on India
Why the question:
Super typhoon Hinnamnor, the strongest tropical cyclone of the year, was hurtling towards Taiwan from the western Pacific Ocean. Another tropical storm called Gardo was moving towards Hinnamnor from its southeast. As the two approached each other, they started a dance around the central line between them, showcasing a textbook example of what is known as the Fujiwhara Effect.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about differences between tropical and extratropical cyclone and the Fujiwhara effect.
Directive word:
Compare and contrast – provide for a detailed comparison of the two types, their features that are similar as well as different. One must provide for detailed assessment of the two.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by defining a cyclone and its types.
Body:
First, write about the differences between tropical and extratropical cyclone on various parameters – formation, source of energy, central cores and impact etc.
Next, write about the Fujiwhara effect and its impact on cyclones.
Conclusion:
Conclude by summarising.
Topic: Social empowerment
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: The Hindu , The Hindu , Insights on India
Why the question:
A Supreme Court Bench led by Chief Justice of India D.Y. Chandrachud on November 25, issued notices to the Centre and the Attorney General of India, seeking their response to two petitions filed by gay couples to allow solemnisation of same-sex marriage under the Special Marriage Act, (SMA) 1954.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about legalising same-sex marriages in the country.
Directive word:
Critically comment – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary. When ‘comment’ is prefixed, we must express our knowledge and understanding of the issue and form an overall opinion thereupon.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving context with respect to same-sex marriages.
Body:
In the first part, write about the need to legalise same-sex marriages in the country post the Navtej Johar judgement – Equal rights, granting protection, for true inclusivity etc.
Next, mention write about the impediments and legal obstacles to legalising same-sex marriages.
Next, write a way forward.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a balanced opinion on the issue.
General Studies – 2
Topic: Issues relating to poverty and hunger.
Difficulty level: Tough
Reference: Indian Express , Insights on India
Why the question:
A recent article by Jean Dreze (‘Poverty, uncensored’, November 24) looks at our commentary on multidimensional poverty decline (‘Poverty is down, period’, November 4) and concludes that the debate on relative performance towards poverty alleviation during the UPA years and Narendra Modi’s tenure as prime minister should continue to be “open” even as his own conclusion is that multidimensional poverty (MPI) declined considerably faster in the Modi years.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the measurement of poverty, issues in MPI and commenting on the rate of poverty decline post-2014.
Directive word:
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin the answer by giving context regarding the reduction in poverty by citing a statistic.
Body:
First, write about the various ways to measure poverty – National Sample Survey (NSS) based per capita consumption, Income based poverty line, consumption-based poverty line, Poverty line basket, multi-Dimensional poverty index, Various committees and international standards etc.
Next, write about the various in measurement of poverty via the multidimensional poverty index (MPI).
Next, write about nature of the poverty decline post-2014 in the country. Cite facts and statistics to substantiate.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a balanced opinion forward.
General Studies – 3
Topic: Technology missions;
Difficulty level: Tough
Reference: Indian Express , Insights on India
Why the question:
The Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC) under the Union Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change recommended the “environmental release” of the transgenic hybrid mustard DMH-11 for seed production and conduct of field demonstration studies with respect to its effects, if any, on honey bees and other pollinating insects.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the impact of clearance granted for the cultivation of GM-Mustard.
Directive word:
Critically analyze – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary. When ‘critically’ is suffixed or prefixed to a directive, one needs to look at the good and bad of the topic and give a balanced judgment on the topic.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving context.
Body:
First, in brief, write about the needed for GM crops in the country to meet the challenges of food security and make farming commercially viable and tackle challenges posed by climate change.
Next, write about the positive aspect of the lifting the ban on G-Mustard and its impact on the farmers as well as scientific community in the country.
Next, write about the concerns associated with the above.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
Topic: Achievements of Indians in science & technology; indigenization of technology and developing new technology.
Difficulty level: Easy
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus (revision) of General studies paper – 3 and mentioned as part of Mission-2023 Secure timetable.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about metaverse, its applications and concerned associated with it.
Directive word:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start the answer by defining metaverse.
Body:
First, elaborate on the various components of the metaverse and its possible applications. Healthcare, Military, Real Estate, Education applications and Manufacturing. Substantiate with examples.
Next, write associated with metaverse – Infrastructure development, interoperability, Payments system, Preventing Cartelization by big companies, Security, Privacy and regulatory issues
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a forward.
Topic: Achievements of Indians in science & technology; indigenization of technology and developing new technology.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus (revision) of General studies paper – 3 and mentioned as part of Mission-2023 Secure timetable.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the importance of biofuels in energy security of the country.
Directive word:
Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start by defining biofuels.
Body:
First, write about the various advantages associated with biofuels
Next, write about the National Biofuel Policy, 2018 – to propel the use of biofuels in India, discussion should debate about the availability of resources, technology etc. and justify that one policy alone would not change the energy scenario but a framework regulating the energy sector in a multi-pronged approach is the need of the hour.
Next, write about the recent amendment to the National Biofuel Policy, 2018 and concerns associated with scaling up biofuels in general.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a forward.
General Studies – 4
Topic: moral and political attitudes;
Difficulty level: Moderate
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4 and part of ‘Conceptual Tuesdays’ in Mission-2023 Secure.
Directive:
Elaborate – Give a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by defining political attitudes.
Body:
Elaborate upon how political attitudes shape our society – it’s helpful to discuss politics with a variety of people from different backgrounds. By listening to their perspectives, we can make sure that our views are well-rounded. This will help us develop an informed opinion about what is going on in our country. Substantiate with examples.
Conclusion:
Conclude by summarising
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