- Since the Industrial Revolution, the global annual temperature has increased in total by a little more than 1 degree Celsius, or about 2 degrees Fahrenheit.
- Between 1880—the year that accurate recordkeeping began—and 1980, it rose on average by 0.07 degrees Celsius (0.13 degrees Fahrenheit) every 10 years.
- Since 1981, however, the rate of increase has more than doubled: For the last 40 years, we’ve seen the global annual temperature rise by 0.18 degrees Celsius, or 0.32 degrees Fahrenheit, per decade.
- Global warming occurs when carbon dioxide (CO2) and other air pollutants collect in the atmosphere and absorb sunlight and solar radiation that have bounced off the earth’s surface.
- Normally this radiation would escape into space, but these pollutants, which can last for years to centuries in the atmosphere, trap the heat and cause the planet to get hotter.
- These heat-trapping pollutants—specifically carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, water vapor, and synthetic fluorinated gases—are known as greenhouse gases, and their impact is called the greenhouse effect.
Global Trend
- Human activities have already raised the global temperature by one degree centigrade compared to the pre-industrial levels.
- The global warming is now likely to reach 1.5 degree between 2030 and 2052 if it continues to rise at the current rate.
- The world is already witnessing the consequences of 1 degree global warming in the form of extreme weather events, rising sea levels and diminishing Arctic sea ice.
- There will be long-lasting or irreversible changes like the loss of some ecosystems if the temperature rises further. South Asia, particularly India, Pakistan and China are hotspots in a warming world.
Challenges:
- A series of extreme weather events that took place last year concern about the future.
- India said merely achieving its INDC targets would cost it $1tn. It is unclear who will bear these enormous costs.
- The Green Climate Fund has been woefully missing its deadlines for gathering funds.
- India has set ambitious renewable energy targets, but these come with their own set of challenges.
- It would need to store renewable energy on a massive scale, but the price of battery storage has not been falling fast enough.
- Another challenge is India’s growing demand for transport.
Way Forward:
- To limit ourselves to 1.5°C, global net anthropogenic CO2 emissions should reduce by about 45 percent from 2010 levels by 2030, and should reach net-zero around 2050.
- Use of coal should reduce steeply and its share in electricity mix should be reduced to close to 0 percent by 2050.
- To limit global warming, countries will have to change policies in sectors like land, energy, industry, buildings, transport, and urban development.
- India needs to focus on improving air quality which can deliver returns in health and productivity as well as the recovery of monsoon.
- The efforts should include reforestation which would reduce the impact of extreme events.
- India needs to boost electric vehicles and also urgently strengthen its bus, rail and public infrastructure to move towards more sustainable means of transport.
