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Question 1 of 5
1. Question
Consider the following statements.
- The productivity of the Oceans increases when the carbon emission from the atmosphere are sunk by it.
- The ocean warming increases the frequency of tropical cyclone winds and rainfall.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Correct
Solution: b)
Due to greenhouse gas emissions, global warming is already 1°C higher than the pre-industrial levels. There is vast evidence that this has serious consequences for ecosystems and human being. The IPCC’s special report on Oceans and Cryosphere (published in 2019) reveals that the ocean is 0.8 degrees warmer than the pre-industrial age. It is more acidic, and less productive because of the carbon emission that was sunk by the oceans.
The impact of ocean warming would be an increase in the frequency of tropical cyclone winds and rainfall, as well as an increase in extreme waves, all of which would be accompanied by a rise in relative sea level.
Incorrect
Solution: b)
Due to greenhouse gas emissions, global warming is already 1°C higher than the pre-industrial levels. There is vast evidence that this has serious consequences for ecosystems and human being. The IPCC’s special report on Oceans and Cryosphere (published in 2019) reveals that the ocean is 0.8 degrees warmer than the pre-industrial age. It is more acidic, and less productive because of the carbon emission that was sunk by the oceans.
The impact of ocean warming would be an increase in the frequency of tropical cyclone winds and rainfall, as well as an increase in extreme waves, all of which would be accompanied by a rise in relative sea level.
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Question 2 of 5
2. Question
Consider the following statements regarding methanogens.
- Methanogens are microorganisms that are capable of generating methane as a metabolic byproduct.
- They are found in swamps, dead organic matter, and even in the human gut.
- They cannot survive in high temperatures.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Correct
Solution: b)
Most of the methane on Earth has a biological origin. Microorganisms called methanogens are capable of generating methane as a metabolic byproduct. They do not require oxygen to live and are widely distributed in nature. They are found in swamps, dead organic matter, and even in the human gut. They are known to survive in high temperatures and simulation studies have shown that they can live in Martian conditions. Methanogens have been widely studied to understand if they can be a contributor to global warming.
Incorrect
Solution: b)
Most of the methane on Earth has a biological origin. Microorganisms called methanogens are capable of generating methane as a metabolic byproduct. They do not require oxygen to live and are widely distributed in nature. They are found in swamps, dead organic matter, and even in the human gut. They are known to survive in high temperatures and simulation studies have shown that they can live in Martian conditions. Methanogens have been widely studied to understand if they can be a contributor to global warming.
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Question 3 of 5
3. Question
Seaweeds are macroscopic algae usually found in oceans. In this context, which of the following can be the possible benefits of it?
- It is a vital food for marine organism.
- It reduces coastal eutrophication.
- It can be used as fertilizer for plants.
Select the correct answer code:
Correct
Solution: c)
All the above are the benefits of sea weeds.
Seaweed, or macroalgae, refers to several species of macroscopic, multicellular, marine algae. Seaweed species such as kelps provide essential nursery habitat for fisheries and other marine species and thus protect food sources; other species, such as planktonic algae, play a vital role in capturing carbon, producing up to 90% of Earth’s oxygen.
Incorrect
Solution: c)
All the above are the benefits of sea weeds.
Seaweed, or macroalgae, refers to several species of macroscopic, multicellular, marine algae. Seaweed species such as kelps provide essential nursery habitat for fisheries and other marine species and thus protect food sources; other species, such as planktonic algae, play a vital role in capturing carbon, producing up to 90% of Earth’s oxygen.
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Question 4 of 5
4. Question
Consider the following statements regarding Black Carbon.
- Black carbon is a component of fine particulate matter, formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, biofuel, and biomass.
- In the tropics, black carbon in soils significantly contributes to the soil fertility.
- Black carbon increases the albedo when deposited on snow and ice.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Correct
Solution: a)
Black carbon (BC) is a component of fine particulate matter. Black carbon consists of pure carbon in several linked forms. It is formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, biofuel, and biomass, and is emitted in both anthropogenic and naturally occurring soot. Black carbon causes human morbidity and premature mortality.
In climatology, black carbon is a climate forcing agent. Black carbon warms the Earth by absorbing sunlight and heating the atmosphere and by reducing albedo when deposited on snow and ice.
In the tropics, black carbon in soils significantly contributes to fertility as it is able to absorb important plant nutrients.
Incorrect
Solution: a)
Black carbon (BC) is a component of fine particulate matter. Black carbon consists of pure carbon in several linked forms. It is formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, biofuel, and biomass, and is emitted in both anthropogenic and naturally occurring soot. Black carbon causes human morbidity and premature mortality.
In climatology, black carbon is a climate forcing agent. Black carbon warms the Earth by absorbing sunlight and heating the atmosphere and by reducing albedo when deposited on snow and ice.
In the tropics, black carbon in soils significantly contributes to fertility as it is able to absorb important plant nutrients.
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Question 5 of 5
5. Question
The warming up of oceans would affect fishes in which of the following ways?
- It causes stress and decrease the range for fishes.
- The aerobic capacity of fish increases in warming waters.
- Increase diseases and even wipe out many commonly eaten fish.
Select the correct answer code:
Correct
Solution: c)
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report has warned that ocean warming will continue over the 21st century and is likely to continue until at least the year 2300 even if we minimise carbon emissions.
The amount of ocean warming observed since 1971 will likely at least double by 2100 under a low warming scenario and will increase by 4-8 times under a high warming scenario.
This warming can help create both anoxic (waters that have no dissolved oxygen) and hypoxic (low oxygen concentration) zones. The report adds that these oxygen-deficient areas are expected to persist for thousands of years.
Previous studies have noted that warming oceans can cause stress, decrease the range, increase diseases and even wipe out many commonly eaten fish.
As temperature increases, the demand for oxygen of many fish species will exceed their capacity to extract oxygen from the environment through their gills. As a result, the aerobic capacity of fish decreases in warming waters, and this reduction may be more important in larger fishes.
Incorrect
Solution: c)
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report has warned that ocean warming will continue over the 21st century and is likely to continue until at least the year 2300 even if we minimise carbon emissions.
The amount of ocean warming observed since 1971 will likely at least double by 2100 under a low warming scenario and will increase by 4-8 times under a high warming scenario.
This warming can help create both anoxic (waters that have no dissolved oxygen) and hypoxic (low oxygen concentration) zones. The report adds that these oxygen-deficient areas are expected to persist for thousands of years.
Previous studies have noted that warming oceans can cause stress, decrease the range, increase diseases and even wipe out many commonly eaten fish.
As temperature increases, the demand for oxygen of many fish species will exceed their capacity to extract oxygen from the environment through their gills. As a result, the aerobic capacity of fish decreases in warming waters, and this reduction may be more important in larger fishes.