[Mission 2023] Current Affairs Quiz , 26 October 2022

Solution: b)

What are InvITs?

Infrastructure investment trusts are institutions similar to mutual funds, which pool investments from various categories of investors and invest them into completed and revenue-generating infrastructure projects, thereby creating returns for the investor.

The capital market regulator notified the SEBI (Infrastructure Investment Trusts) Regulations, 2014 on September 26, 2014, and these trusts are likely to help facilitate investment in the infrastructure sector.

Structured like mutual funds, they have a trustee, sponsor(s), investment manager and project manager. While the trustee (certified by Sebi) has the responsibility of inspecting the performance of an InvIT, sponsor(s) are promoters of the company that set up the InvIT.

In the case of Public-private partnership (PPP) projects, it refers to the infrastructure developer or a special purpose vehicle holding the concession.

NHAI InvIT is the infrastructure investment trust sponsored by the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) to support the government’s National Monetisation Pipeline (NMP). NHAI’s InvIT is a Trust established by NHAI under the Indian Trusts Act, 1882 and SEBI (Security and Exchange Board of India) regulations.

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Solution: a)

Dr Dilip Mahalanabis was working in overflowing refugee camps during the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation war when he came up with ORS, which The Lancet called “the most important medical discovery of the 20th century.’’

Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) is a simple, effective remedy for dehydration.

According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), diarrhoeal diseases, such as cholera, are among the leading causes of mortality in infants and young children in many developing countries, where the patient dies of dehydration. ORS, a combination of water, glucose and salts, is a simple and cost-effective method of preventing this.

The Union Health Ministry has popularised guidelines on preparing and using ORS available in powder form at health centres and chemists. The guidelines, available at the India Health Portal site, advise that contents of the ORS packet should be mixed with the correct amount of water in a clean container. This is important, because too little water could make the diarrhoea worse, the government cautions.

Also, the ORS must be added only to water, and not to milk, soup, fruit juice, or any soft drink. Sugar should not be added to the solution.

The ORS solution should be covered and not kept for more than 24 hours, due to the risk of bacterial contamination, the portal says.

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Solution: b)

A greenhouse is a structure with walls and roof made chiefly of transparent material, such as glass, in which plants requiring regulated climatic conditions are grown.

The shorter wavelength infrared radiations from the sun can enter into the greenhouse, while longer wavelength infrared radiation from the ground and the plants inside the greenhouse cannot pass back out through the glass.

Solution: c)

Gastric juice is made up of digestive enzymes, hydrochloric acid and other substances that are important for absorbing nutrients – about 3 to 4 liters of gastric juice are produced per day. The hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice breaks down the food and the digestive enzymes split up the proteins. Stomach acid’s low pH level is largely due to hydrochloric acid (HCl).

Solution: d)

30 by 30 (or 30×30) is a worldwide initiative for governments to designate 30% of Earth’s land and ocean area as protected areas by 2030. The target was proposed by a 2019 article in Science “A Global Deal for Nature”, highlighting the need for expanded nature conservation efforts to mitigate climate change.