[MISSION 2023] RTM(Revision through MCQs)- 21 Oct 2022

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• Lok Adalat is a forum where the cases (or disputes) which are pending in a court or which are at pre-litigation stage (not yet brought before a court) are compromised or settled in an amicable manner.
• The institution of Lok Adalat has been given statutory status under the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987.
• The Lok Adalat shall have no jurisdiction in respect of any case or matter relating to an offence not compoundable under any law. In other words, the offences which are non-compoundable under any law fall outside the purview of the Lok Adalat.
• Every Lok Adalat organized for an area shall consist of such number of serving or retired judicial officers and other persons of the area as may be specified by the agency organizing such Lok Adalat. Generally, a Lok Adalat consists of a judicial officer as the chairman and a lawyer (advocate) and a social worker as members.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/10/21/lok-adalats/

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• The first Lok Adalat camp in the post-independence era was organized in Gujarat in 1982..
• Statutory provisions:
  • Under the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987 Lok Adalats have been given statutory status.
• Final award:
  • The decision made by the Lok Adalats is considered to be a verdict of a civil court and is ultimate and binding on all parties.
• No appeal:
  • There is no provision for an appeal against the verdict made by Lok Adalat.
  • But, they are free to initiate litigation by approaching the court of appropriate jurisdiction by filing a case by following the required procedure, in exercise of their right to litigate.
• Court fee:
  • There is no court fee payable when a matter is filed in a Lok Adalat. If a matter pending in the court of law is referred to the Lok Adalat and is settled subsequently, the court fee originally paid in the court on the complaints/petition is also refunded back to the parties.
• Nature of Cases to be Referred to Lok Adalat:
  • Any case pending before any court.
  • Any dispute which has not been brought before any court and is likely to be filed before the court.
  • Provided that any matter relating to an offence not compoundable under the law shall not be settled in Lok Adalat.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/10/21/lok-adalats/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• Stat1: The National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) has been constituted under the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987 to provide free Legal Services to the weaker sections of the society. The Chief Justice of India is the Patron-in-Chief and the senior most Judge of the Supreme Court of India is the Executive Chairman of the Authority.
• Stat2: NALSA along with other Legal Services Institutions conducts Lok Adalats. Lok Adalat is one of the alternative dispute redressal mechanisms. Lok Adalats have been given statutory status under the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987. There is no court fee payable when a matter is filed in a Lok Adalat. If a matter pending in the court of law is referred to the Lok Adalat and is settled subsequently, the court fee originally paid in the court on the complaints/petition is also refunded back to the parties.
• Stat3: The jurisdiction of the Permanent Lok Adalats is upto One Crore.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/10/21/lok-adalats/

Ans: (c)

Explanation:  Ek Bharat Shrestha Bharat :

• Launched by PM in 2015 on the occasion of the 140th birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.
• Objectives: To celebrate the Unity in Diversity of our Nation and to maintain and strengthen the fabric of traditionally existing emotional bonds between the people of our Country;
• TO CREATE an environment which promotes learning between States by sharing best practices and experiences.
• It is an initiative of the Ministry of Education.
• Features: All States and UTs will be covered under the programme.
  • There will be a pairing of States/UTs at the national level and these pairings will be in effect for one year, or till the next round of pairings.
  • The State/UT level pairings would be utilized for state-level activities.
  • District-level pairings would be independent of the State level pairings.

Refer: facts for prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/10/21/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-21-october-2022/

Ans: (c)

Explanation:

• Metaverse is as a parallel, virtual, world where users can have different identities, possessions and characters.
• Interoperability is key to metaverse’s success.
• Metaverse is not something that just one company can build. Nor is Facebook the only one working on this.
• The metaverse is being envisioned as a new world order really, where your services could be offered virtually in exchange for other virtual assets, or Cryptocurrencies.
• According to Facebook’s definition, the metaverse will let users hang out with people who are not in the same physical space. “You’ll be able to hang out with friends, work, play, learn, shop, create, and more.

Refer: facts for prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/10/21/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-21-october-2022/

Refer: facts for prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/10/20/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-20-october-2022/

Ans: (a)

Explanation:

• The carbon fertilization effect suggests that the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases the rate of photosynthesis in plants. The effect varies depending on the plant species, the temperature, and the availability of water and nutrients.
• From a quarter to half of Earth’s vegetated lands has shown significant greening over the last 35 years largely due to rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide.

Refer: facts for prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/10/21/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-21-october-2022/

• Dholavira, the archaeological site of a Harappan-era city, received the UNESCO world heritage site tag. While Dholavira became the fourth site from Gujarat and 40th from India to make the list, it is the first site of the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC) in India to get the tag.

Refer: facts for prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/10/20/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-20-october-2022/

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• S3: the Ministry of Environment notified that states which have a forest land of more than 75% of their geographical area need not provide non-forest land for compensatory afforestation. Instead, land can be taken up in states with lesser forest cover. Further, it was also notified that the minimum area of compensatory land should be five hectares if the land is not contiguous to a forest.
• S1: According to the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980, each time forest land is diverted, the project proponent has to pay the state to undertake plantation and for the ecosystem services lost due to diverting forest land, called Net Present Value (NPV). Whenever forest land is diverted for non-forest purposes, it is mandatory under the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 that an equivalent area of non-forest land has to be taken up for compensatory afforestation.
• S2: As per the rules, 90% of the Compensatory Afforestation Fund money is to be given to the states while 10% is to be retained by the Centre.

Refer: facts for prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/10/21/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-21-october-2022/

• Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) regime was promoted by the World Trade Organization in 1995 for uniform global IPR rules. TRIPS is founded on the principle of “product patents”.
• TRIPS does have a provision to enable governments to enforce ‘compulsory licensing’. They can demand that an innovator company must allow domestic, lower cost, producers to increase the supply of the drug in an emergency, with compensation to the inventor of course.

Refer: facts for prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/10/20/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-20-october-2022/

Ans: (a)

Explanation:

• Preservation of forest areas in India under the Forest Conservation Act, 1980 has been continuously monitored by the Supreme Court since the Godavarman case judgment in 1996.
• While the concept of deemed forests has not been clearly defined in any law including the Forest Conservation Act of 1980.
• Deemed forests, which comprise about 1% of India’s forest land, are a controversial subject as they refer to land tracts that appear to be a “forest”, but have not been notified so by the government or in historical records.

Refer: facts for prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/10/21/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-21-october-2022/

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• Like incineration, pyrolysis, gasification and plasma technologies are thermal processes that use high temperatures to break down waste. The main difference is that they use less oxygen than traditional mass-burn incineration.

Refer: facts for prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/10/21/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-21-october-2022/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• S1: It is developed by using three genes viz., barnase, barstar and bar from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens for hybrid seed production.
  • The barnase gene confers male sterility to a plant in which it is inserted and barstar gene restore the fertility to produce fertile hybrid plants and seeds.
  • The third gene bar synthesize an enzyme call PAT, which is responsible for tolerance to glufosinate in the plant. Glufosinate is a broad spectrum herbicide, which indiscriminately eliminates weeds and any plant that does not have the bar gene.
  • Glufosinate herbicides contain the active ingredient phosphinothricin, which kills plants by blocking the enzyme responsible for nitrogen metabolism and for detoxifying ammonia, a by-product of plant metabolism.
• S2: It has mainly two genes (‘barnase’ and ‘barstar’) that allow for cross-pollination and hybridisation in mustard, which is largely a self-pollinating plant because of its individual flowers containing both female and male reproductive organs. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• S3: GM mustard was developed by scientists at Delhi University and the project was part-funded by the Department of Biotechnology, a division of the Science Ministry.

Refer: facts for prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/10/21/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-21-october-2022/