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Question 1 of 5
1. Question
Consider the following statements regarding Ecotone.
- Ecotone is a zone of tension.
- Estuary is an example of Ecotone.
- A well-developed ecotone contain some organisms which are entirely different from that of the adjoining communities.
- The organisms which occur most abundantly in this zone are known as edge species.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Correct
Solution: d)
Ecotone is a zone of junction between two or more diverse ecosystems. For e.g. the mangrove forests represent an ecotone between marine and terrestrial ecosystem. Other examples are – grassland, estuary and river bank
Characteristics of Ecotone:
- It may be very narrow or quite wide.
- It has the conditions intermediate to the adjacent ecosystems. Hence it is a zone of tension.
- It is linear as it shows progressive increase in species composition of one in coming community and a simultaneous decrease in species of the other outgoing adjoining community.
- A well-developed ecotone contains some organisms which are entirely different from that of the adjoining communities.
- Sometimes the number of species and the population density of some of the species is much greater in this zone than either community. This is called edge effect.
- The organisms which occur primarily or most abundantly in this zone are known as edge species. In the terrestrial ecosystems edge effect is especially applicable to birds. For example the density of birds is greater in the mixed habitat of the ecotone between the forest and the desert.
Incorrect
Solution: d)
Ecotone is a zone of junction between two or more diverse ecosystems. For e.g. the mangrove forests represent an ecotone between marine and terrestrial ecosystem. Other examples are – grassland, estuary and river bank
Characteristics of Ecotone:
- It may be very narrow or quite wide.
- It has the conditions intermediate to the adjacent ecosystems. Hence it is a zone of tension.
- It is linear as it shows progressive increase in species composition of one in coming community and a simultaneous decrease in species of the other outgoing adjoining community.
- A well-developed ecotone contains some organisms which are entirely different from that of the adjoining communities.
- Sometimes the number of species and the population density of some of the species is much greater in this zone than either community. This is called edge effect.
- The organisms which occur primarily or most abundantly in this zone are known as edge species. In the terrestrial ecosystems edge effect is especially applicable to birds. For example the density of birds is greater in the mixed habitat of the ecotone between the forest and the desert.
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Question 2 of 5
2. Question
Geographically which among the following is the largest system?
Correct
Solution: d)
Ecosystem is the groups of organisms from all biological domains in conjunction with the physical (abiotic) environment.
Biome is the continental scale (climatically and geographically contiguous areas with similar climatic conditions) grouping of ecosystems.
Biosphere or Ecosphere is all life plus the physical (abiotic) environment.
Incorrect
Solution: d)
Ecosystem is the groups of organisms from all biological domains in conjunction with the physical (abiotic) environment.
Biome is the continental scale (climatically and geographically contiguous areas with similar climatic conditions) grouping of ecosystems.
Biosphere or Ecosphere is all life plus the physical (abiotic) environment.
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Question 3 of 5
3. Question
Consider the following statements regarding Vegetative Propagation.
- Vegetative propagation is used in methods such as layering or grafting to grow plants like sugarcane, roses, or grapes.
- Vegetative Propagation can help propagate even those plants that have lost the capacity to produce seeds.
- Plants produced under the practice bear no genetic resemblance to the parent plant thus promoting biodiversity.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Correct
Solution: b)
There are many plants in which parts like the root, stem and leaves develop into new plants under appropriate conditions.
Unlike in most animals, plants can indeed use such a mode for reproduction. This property of vegetative propagation is used in methods such as layering or grafting to grow many plants like sugarcane, roses, or grapes for agricultural purposes.
Plants raised by vegetative propagation can bear flowers and fruits earlier than those produced from seeds. Such methods also make possible the propagation of plants such as banana, orange, rose and jasmine that have lost the capacity to produce seeds.
Another advantage of vegetative propagation is that all plants produced are genetically similar enough to the parent plant to have all its characteristics.
Incorrect
Solution: b)
There are many plants in which parts like the root, stem and leaves develop into new plants under appropriate conditions.
Unlike in most animals, plants can indeed use such a mode for reproduction. This property of vegetative propagation is used in methods such as layering or grafting to grow many plants like sugarcane, roses, or grapes for agricultural purposes.
Plants raised by vegetative propagation can bear flowers and fruits earlier than those produced from seeds. Such methods also make possible the propagation of plants such as banana, orange, rose and jasmine that have lost the capacity to produce seeds.
Another advantage of vegetative propagation is that all plants produced are genetically similar enough to the parent plant to have all its characteristics.
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Question 4 of 5
4. Question
Which of the following sources add nitrogen oxide into the atmosphere?
- Lightning stroke
- Reaction of Ultraviolet radiation with ozone
- Bacteria living in soil
Select the correct answer code:
Correct
Solution: b)
A natural source of nitrogen oxides occurs from a lightning stroke. The very high temperature in the vicinity of a lightning bolt causes the gases oxygen and nitrogen in the air to react to form nitric oxide. The nitric oxide very quickly reacts with more oxygen to form nitrogen dioxide.
Nitrous oxide is actually removed from the atmosphere when it is absorbed by certain types of bacteria or destroyed by ultraviolet radiation or chemical reactions.
Nitrous oxide emissions occur naturally through many sources associated with the nitrogen cycle, which is the natural circulation of nitrogen among the atmosphere, plants, animals, and microorganisms that live in soil and water.
Incorrect
Solution: b)
A natural source of nitrogen oxides occurs from a lightning stroke. The very high temperature in the vicinity of a lightning bolt causes the gases oxygen and nitrogen in the air to react to form nitric oxide. The nitric oxide very quickly reacts with more oxygen to form nitrogen dioxide.
Nitrous oxide is actually removed from the atmosphere when it is absorbed by certain types of bacteria or destroyed by ultraviolet radiation or chemical reactions.
Nitrous oxide emissions occur naturally through many sources associated with the nitrogen cycle, which is the natural circulation of nitrogen among the atmosphere, plants, animals, and microorganisms that live in soil and water.
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Question 5 of 5
5. Question
Which of the following are the characteristics of Succession?
- Increased productivity
- Increased diversity of organisms
- Decrease in the complexity of food webs.
- Shift of nutrients from the reservoirs
Select the correct answer code:
Correct
Solution: c)
Succession is a universal process of directional change in vegetation, on an ecological time scale.
Succession occurs when a series of communities replace one another due to large scale destruction either natural or manmade. This process continues – one community replacing another community, until a stable, mature community develops.
Succession is a progressive series of changes which leads to the establishment of a relatively stable climax community.
The first plant to colonise an area is called the pioneer community. The final stage of succession is called the climax community. The stage leading to the climax community are called successional stages or seres.
Succession is characterized by the following: increased productivity, the shift of nutrients from the reservoirs, increased diversity of organisms with increased niche development, and a gradual increase in the complexity of food webs.
Incorrect
Solution: c)
Succession is a universal process of directional change in vegetation, on an ecological time scale.
Succession occurs when a series of communities replace one another due to large scale destruction either natural or manmade. This process continues – one community replacing another community, until a stable, mature community develops.
Succession is a progressive series of changes which leads to the establishment of a relatively stable climax community.
The first plant to colonise an area is called the pioneer community. The final stage of succession is called the climax community. The stage leading to the climax community are called successional stages or seres.
Succession is characterized by the following: increased productivity, the shift of nutrients from the reservoirs, increased diversity of organisms with increased niche development, and a gradual increase in the complexity of food webs.
