[MISSION 2023] RTM(Revision through MCQs)- 3 Oct 2022

Ans: (a)

Explanation:

• Importance of Nord Stream: ·The pipeline is the primary route through which its gas enters Germany and then travels west and southwards through onshore links to other European countries. ·Nord Stream 2 Pipeline that would have doubled the flow of Russian gas to Germany was suspended in February 2022 (due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine)

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/10/03/what-happened-to-the-nord-stream-pipelines/

Ans: (c)

Explanation:

• A new NEP usually comes along every few decades. India has had three to date. The first came in 1968 and the second in 1986, under Indira Gandhi and Rajiv Gandhi respectively; the NEP of 1986 was revised in 1992 when P V Narasimha Rao was Prime Minister. The third is the NEP released under the Prime Ministership of Narendra Modi.
• The NEP only provides a broad direction and is not mandatory to follow. Since education is a concurrent subject (both the Centre and the state governments can make laws on it), the reforms proposed can only be implemented collaboratively by the Centre and the states.
• The new National Education Policy has been drafted by a committee headed by former ISRO chief Kasturirangan.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/10/03/national-education-policy-prescribes-no-language/

• The site of Khajuraho belonged to the Chandela Kings who ruled over Central India from the 9th to 13th centuries. Khajuraho was the cultural capital of the Chandela rulers as a result of which it continued to flourish despite the frequent shifting of its political capital. Initially, this group of monuments were a total of eighty-four temples out of which only twenty-five remain intact today. The monuments at Khajuraho are a group of Hindu and Jaina temples. Widely known for its magnificent structures and the much-debated erotic sculptures, Khajuraho was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in the year 1986.
• Khajuraho temples are considered as some of the best examples of Nagara style of temple architecture with a sanctum cella (garbhagriha), small vestibule (antarala), a large hall (mahamandapa), an assembly hall (mandapa) and an entrance portico (ardhamandapa).
• The temples are grouped into three categories; the Western Group, the Eastern Group and the Southern Group.
• Western Group:
  • It is the western group that is known worldwide with the Kandariya Mahadev Temple, Lakshmana Temple, Visvanatha Temple, Chausath Yogini and Chitragupta Temple being a part of it. They are considered to be some of the best representations of a typical Khajuraho temple. Out of these, the Kandariya Mahadev (102 feet in length and 66 feet in breadth) temple has a lingam enshrined in its sanctum sanctorum. Known for its intricately carved interiors depicting Gods and Goddesses, the exteriors of this temple have erotic sculptures carved on them.
• Eastern Group:
  • This group is dominated by the Jaina Temples out of which the Parsvanath Temple is the largest. Initially, the temple was dedicated to Adinath which was later replaced with the idol of Parsvanath. Close to the Parsvanath temple is the Ghantai Temple and the Adinath temple. The Adinath temple is one of the later temples as a result of which the sculptures of this temple are more detailed and delicately carved.
  • This group also has the Vamana, Brahma and Javeri temples of the Hindu pantheon. The Brahma temple is the only temple at Khajuraho completely built of granite and has a four-faced lingam in its sanctum sanctorum.
• Southern Group:
  • The Southern Group of temples is situated slightly away from other groups and consists of the Duladeo Temple, Chaturbhuj Temple and the Beejamandal Temple. The Duladeo temple dedicated to Lord Shiva has some of the best sculptures depicting apsaras and is the most famous temple among the Southern Group of temples.

Refer: Fact for Prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/10/01/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-1-october-2022/

Ans: (c)

Explanation:

• S1: 5G wireless technology is meant to deliver higher multi-Gbps peak data speeds, ultra-low latency, more reliability, massive network capacity, increased availability, and a more uniform user experience to more users. Higher performance and improved efficiency empower new user experiences and connects new industries.
• S2: Like its predecessors, 5G networks are cellular networks, in which the service area is divided into small geographical areas called cells. All 5G wireless devices in a cell are connected to the Internet and telephone network by radio waves through a local antenna in the cell. 
• S3: 5G has been deployed in 35+ countries and counting.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/10/03/5g-technology-launched/

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• VoLTE is voice calls over a 4G LTE network, rather than the 2G or 3G connections. VolTE can transmit data too. VoLTE has up to three times more voice and data capacity than 3G UMTS and up to six times more than 2G GSM. So, both 1 and 2 are wrong.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/10/03/5g-technology-launched/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• Preventive detention is the detention of a person on a mere reasonable apprehension of him doing an activity dangerous to public order and security.
• Punitive detention, which means detention as a punishment for the criminal offence. It occurs after an offence is actually committed, or an attempt has been made towards the commission of that crime.
• S2: Constitution under articles 22 (1) and (2) gives protection from preventive detention, but these protections are not available to a person arrested or detained under preventive detention laws (Article 22(3)).
  • SC had said that there must be a “live and proximate link” between the grounds of detention and the purpose of detention, in order to detain and keep the person in detention.

Refer: facts for prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/10/03/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-3-october-2022/

• Situated close to the Bay of Bengal, the Sun Temple Konark is one of the best representations of Kalinga Architecture. The word ‘Konark’ can be translated to the ‘corner sun’; Kona (corner) and Arka (sun) and was so named as it lay on the north east corner of the famous Jagannath Temple at Puri. Konark was also called the Black Pagoda, the first mention of which is found in the diary of Sir Streynsham Master, Governor of Fort St George, Madras. It was used as a major landmark by most sailors and travellers. Dedicated to Sun God, Konark was built by the King of the Ganga Dynasty, Narasimha Deva I in the 13th century. It was declared a Unesco World Heritage Site in the year 1984 for its architectural brilliance and for serving as an evidence of the spread of Sun worship in India from Kashmir to the eastern parts.
• Konark is made of a stone called Khondalite, widely available in the region. The entire structure was constructed without the use of any binding material such as mortar or cement. It was also one of the first structures in India to have used iron beams and dowels. It is said that the temple was held together using electromagnetic force with sixty three tons of magnet, ten tons at the bottom and fifty three at the top of the structure.

Refer: Fact for Prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/10/01/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-1-october-2022/

Ans: (c)

Explanation:

• The United Nations Charter established six main organs of the United Nations, including the Security Council. It gives primary responsibility for maintaining international peace and security to the Security Council, which may meet whenever peace is threatened.
  • According to the Charter, the United Nations has four purposes:
  • to maintain international peace and security;
  • to develop friendly relations among nations;
  • to cooperate in solving international problems and in promoting respect for human rights;
  • and to be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations.
• All members of the United Nations agree to accept and carry out the decisions of the Security Council. While other organs of the United Nations make recommendations to member states, only the Security Council has the power to make decisions that member states are then obligated to implement under the Charter.

Refer: facts for prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/10/03/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-3-october-2022/

Ans: (c)

Explanation: About Stockholm Convention on POPs:

• Signed in 2001 and effective from May 2004 (Ninety days after the ratification by at least 50 signatory states).
• Aims to eliminate or restrict the production and use of persistent organic pollutants (POPs).
• What are POPs?
  • In 1995, the Governing Council of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) called for global action to be taken on POPs, which it defined as “chemical substances that persist in the environment, bio-accumulate through the food web, and pose a risk of causing adverse effects to human health and the environment”.
• India had ratified the Stockholm Convention on January 13, 2006, as per Article 25 (4), which enabled it to keep itself in a default “opt-out” position such that amendments in various Annexes of the convention cannot be enforced on it unless an instrument of ratification/acceptance/approval or accession is explicitly deposited with the UN depositary.

Refer: facts for prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/10/03/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-3-october-2022/

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• The Stockholm Convention is a global treaty that aims to protect human health and the environment from the effects of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The Convention entered into force on May 17, 2004.
• The Rotterdam Convention is a multilateral treaty to promote shared responsibilities in relation to importation of hazardous chemicals.
• The overall goal of the Basel Convention is to protect human health and the environment against the adverse effects that may result from the generation, transboundary movements and management of hazardous and other wastes.
• The objective of the 1985 Vienna Convention is to preserve human health, and to protect the environment from any harmful effects of the depletion of the ozone layer.
• The Minamata Convention on Mercury is an international treaty designed to protect human health and the environment from anthropogenic emissions and releases of mercury and mercury compounds.

Refer: facts for prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/10/03/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-3-october-2022/

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• Burkina Faso is a landlocked country that shares borders with six neighboring countries: Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Niger and Mali.

Refer: facts for prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/10/03/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-3-october-2022/

Ans: (c)

Explanation:

• It is located in Nainital district of Uttarakhand. The park encompasses the Patli Dun valley formed by the Ramganga river.
• The national park was established in 1936 as Hailey National Park to protect the endangered Bengal tiger.
• It is named after Jim Corbett who played a key role in its establishment.
• It is the oldest national park in India. It was the first area to come under the Project Tiger initiative in 1973.

Refer: facts for prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/10/03/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-3-october-2022/