[MISSION 2023] RTM(Revision through MCQs)- 27 Sep 2022

Ans: (a)

Explanation:

• S3: Tropical Cyclones require low wind shear to form. Wind shear is the change in wind speed or direction with height in the atmosphere. High wind shear will slow spinning cyclones down and prevent them from lasting a long time.
• S2: Tropical cyclones need to form at least five degrees of latitude away from the equator. During a tropical cyclone, the Coriolis Force deflects winds blowing towards the low pressure center of the storm and creates circulation.
• S1: Tropical cyclones can only form over ocean surfaces that are at least 27 degrees Celsius warm.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/09/27/hurricanes-are-getting-stronger/

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• Tropical cyclones can relieve drought conditions as they often carry moisture laden winds.
• In addition to strong winds and rain, tropical cyclones are capable of generating high waves, damaging storm surge, and tornadoes.
• They typically weaken rapidly over and where they are cut off from their primary energy source. For this reason, coastal regions are particularly vulnerable to damage from a tropical cyclone as compared to inland regions.
• Heavy rains however, can cause significant flooding inland, and storm surges can produce extensive coastal flooding up to 25 miles from the coastline.
• They also carry heat energy away from the tropics and transport it toward temperate latitudes, because they are large wind systems that absorb the frontal conditions of the area they flow in.
• Finally, due to the high speed they blow in, they also act as the earth’s filter system by cleansing the air of toxins and pollutants out of the atmosphere. 

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/09/27/hurricanes-are-getting-stronger/

Ans: (a)

Explanation:

• For Life Science: For prediction of the structure of proteins and causes of narcolepsy.
• Mathematics:For theoretical computer science
• Physics: For work in quantum information
• Breakthrough prizes  (also called ‘Oscars of Science’) were created in 2010 by Silicon Valley entrepreneurs (California, US) for awarding scientific discoveries/inventions.
• Each prize carries $3 mn( Nobel prize carries $1 mn each)

Refer: Facts for Prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/09/27/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-27-september-2022/

Ans: (c)

Explanation:

• On 30 September, Gandhi founded All India Anti Untouchability League, to remove untouchability in the society, which later renamed as Harijan Sevak Sangh (“Servants of Harijan Society”). At the time industrialist Ghanshyam Das Birlawas its founding president with Amritlal Takkar as its secretary.

Refer: Facts for Prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/09/27/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-27-september-2022/

Ans: (a)

Explanation: About the River:

• It is the only perennialriver in Tamil Nadu.
• It originates and ends in TN:It originates in the Pothigai Hills of the Western Ghats in the Tirunelveli district. The river flows through Tirunelveli and then neighbouring Thoothukudi and ends in the Gulf of Mannar at Punakayil.
• The river supports Nilgiri marten, slender loris, lion-tailed macaque, white spotted bush frog, galaxy frog, Sri Lankan Atlas moth and the great hornbill.

Refer: Facts for Prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/09/27/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-27-september-2022/

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• The ceiling for determining EWS (Rs 8 lakh) is the same as the limit for determining the other backward classes (OBC) “creamy layer” for reservation for the children of people outside of government.
• Under the 2019 notification, persons who are not covered under the scheme of reservation for SCs, STs and OBCs, and whose family has gross annual income below Rs 8 lakh, are to be identified as EWSs for benefit of reservation. 
• EWS reservation was granted based on the recommendations of a commission headed by Major General (retd) S R Sinho. The Sinho Commissionrecommended that all below poverty line (BPL) families within the general category as notified from time to time, and also all families whose annual family income from all sources is below the taxable limit, should be identified as EBCs (economically backward classes).

Refer: Facts for Prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/09/27/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-27-september-2022/

Ans: (a)

Explanation:

• The 10% EWS quotawas introduced under the 103rd Constitution (Amendment) Act, 2019by amending Articles 15 and 16.
• It inserted Article 15 (6) and Article 16 (6).

Refer: Facts for Prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/09/27/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-27-september-2022/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• National Commission for Backward Classes is a constitutional body (123rd constitutional amendment bill 2017 and 102nd amendment 2018 in constitution to make it constitutional body) (Article 338B of the Indian Constitution) under Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment established on 14 August 1993. It was constituted pursuant to the provisions of the National Commission for Backward Classes Act, 1993. The commission was the outcome of Indra Sawhney & Ors. Vs. Union of India. The commission considers inclusions in and exclusions from the lists of communities notified as backward for the purpose of job reservations and tenders the needful advice to the Central Government as per Section 9(1) of the NCBC Act, 1993. Similarly, the states have also constituted commissions for BC’s. The National Commission for Backward Classes, National Commission for Scheduled Castes as well as National Commission for Scheduled Tribes have the same powers as a Civil Court.

Refer: Facts for Prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/09/27/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-27-september-2022/

Ans: (d)

Explanation: here the directive word is not correct!!

• What is the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP)?
• It was launched by the MoEFCCin January 2019.
• It is the first ever effort in the country to frame a national framework for air quality management with a time-bound reduction target.
• The programme willnot be notified under the Environment Protection Act or any other Act to create a firm mandate with a strong legal back up for cities and regions to implement NCAP in a time bound manner for effective reduction.
• The plan includes 102 non-attainment cities, across 23 states and Union territories, which were identified by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) on the basis of their ambient air quality data between 2011 and 2015.
• What are Non-attainment?
• Non-attainment cities are those which have been consistently showing poorer air quality than the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. These include Delhi, Varanasi, Bhopal, Kolkata, Noida, Muzaffarpur, and Mumbai.
• Key features of the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP):
  • Target: Achieve a national-level target of 20-30% reduction of PM2.5 and PM10 concentration by between 2017 and 2024.
  • Implementation:Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) will execute this nation-wide programme in consonance with the section 162 (b) of the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act.
  • As part of the programme, the Centre also plans to scale up the air quality monitoring network across India. At least 4,000 monitors are needed across the country, instead of the existing 101 real-time air quality (AQ) monitors, according to an analysis.
  • The plan proposes a three-tier system, including real-time physical data collection, data archiving, and an action trigger system in all 102 cities, besides extensive plantation plans, research on clean-technologies, landscaping of major arterial roads, and stringent industrial standards.
  • It also proposes state-level plans of e-mobility in the two-wheeler sector, rapid augmentation of charging infrastructure, stringent implementation of BS-VI norms, boosting public transportation system, and adoption of third-party audits for polluting industries.
  • Various committees proposed:The national plan has proposed setting up an apex committee under environment minister, a steering committee under-secretary (environment) and a monitoring committee under a joint secretary. There would be project monitoring committees at the state-level with scientists and trained personnel.

Refer: Facts for Prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/09/27/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-27-september-2022/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• The Basel, Rotterdam and Stockholm (BRS) Conventions are multilateral environmental agreements, which share the common objective of protecting human health and the environment from hazardous chemicals and wastes.
• (B) Basel Convention:
• The Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal was created to protect people and the environment from the negative effects of the inappropriate management of hazardous wastes worldwide. It is the most comprehensive global treaty dealing with hazardous waste materials throughout their lifecycles, from production and transport to final use and disposal.
• (R) Rotterdam Convention:
• The Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for certain hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in international trade provides Parties with a first line of defence against hazardous chemicals. It promotes international efforts to protect human health and the environment as well as enabling countries to decide if they want to import hazardous chemicals and pesticides listed in the Convention.
• (S) Stockholm Convention:
• The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants is a global treaty to protect human health and the environment from highly dangerous, long-lasting chemicals by restricting and ultimately eliminating their production, use, trade, release and storage.

Refer: Facts for Prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/09/27/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-27-september-2022/