Reduction of Child Mortality

GS Paper 2

Syllabus: Social Justice/Governance/ Health

 

Source: PIB

 Direction: No need to remember the data. Observe the trend and know the basic definitions of terms.

 Context: As per the recently released Sample Registration System (SRS) Statistical Report 2020, India has witnessed a progressive reduction in IMR, U5MR and NMR since 2014.

• The report is released by the Registrar General of India (RGI)

 

Other findings:

• Six (6) States/ UT have already attained the SDG target of NMR (<=12 by 2030):  Kerala (4), Delhi (9), Tamil Nadu (9), Maharashtra (11), Jammu & Kashmir (12) and Punjab (12).
• Eleven (11) States/UT has already attained the SDGs target of U5MR (<=25 by 2030)
• U5MR for females is higher (33) than for males (31).

 

 

Basic Terms:

• Crude Birth rate: It is expressed as births per 1,000 population.
• The total Fertility Rate is the average number of children a woman would bear at her reproductive age.
  • The current fertility rate for India in 2022 is 2.159 births per woman, a 0.92% decline from 2021
• Neonatal deaths (deaths within the first 28 days of life of an infant)
• U5MR: The mortality rate of children aged under 5 years
• The infant mortality Rate is the number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1000 live births.

 

About SRS 

• The SRS is a demographic survey for providing annual estimates of IMR, BR, DR and other fertility at the national and sub-national levels. It was started in 1964-65 by the Registrar General of India.

 

About RGI 

• It was founded in 1961 by the Government of India under the Ministry of Home Affairs.
• It conducts and analyses the results of the demographic surveys (including the Census of India and the Linguistic Survey of India).

 

SDG Target 3| Health:

• By 2030, end preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years of age
• Aim: To reduce neonatal mortality and under‑5 mortality

 

Insta Links:

SDG Report 2022

Child mortality

 

Mains Links:

Q. Besides being a moral imperative of the Welfare State, primary health structure is a necessary precondition for sustainable development.” Analyze. (UPSC 2021)

 

Prelims Links:

• IMR
• U5MR
• NMR
• Registrar General of India