[MISSION 2023] RTM(Revision through MCQs)- 20 Sep 2022

Ans: (c)

Explanation:

• In the Berubari Union case (1960), the Supreme Court said that the Preamble shows the general purposes behind the several provisions in the Constitution, and is thus a key to the minds of the makers of the Constitution. Further, where the terms used in any article are ambiguous or capable of more than one meaning, some assistance at interpretation may be taken from the objectives enshrined in the Preamble. Despite this recognition of the significance of the Preamble, the Supreme Court specifically opined that Preamble is not a part of the Constitution.
• In the Kesavananda Bharati case17 (1973), the Supreme Court rejected the earlier opinion and held that Preamble is a part of the Constitution. It observed that the Preamble is of extreme importance and the Constitution should be read and interpreted in the light of the grand and noble vision expressed in the Preamble.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/09/20/from-lodha-to-ramana/

Ans: (a)

Explanation:

• The Chief Justice of India and the Judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the President under
  • clause (2) of Article 124 of the Constitution.
  • The names are recommended by the Collegium.
• The collegium sends its final recommendation to the President of India for approval. The President can either accept it or reject it. In the case it is rejected, the recommendation comes back to the collegium. If the collegium reiterates its recommendation to the President, then he/she is bound by that recommendation.
• Appointment to the office of the Chief Justice of India should be of the senior most Judge of the Supreme Court considered fit to hold the office.
• Whenever there is any doubt about the fitness of the senior most Judge to hold the office of the Chief Justice of India, consultation with other Judges as envisaged in Article 124 (2) of the Constitution would be made for appointment of the next Chief Justice of India.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/09/20/from-lodha-to-ramana/

Ans: (a)

Explanation:

• The Preamble has been amended only once so far, in 1976, by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, which has added three new words—Socialist, Secular and Integrity—to the Preamble. This amendment was held to be valid.
• The Preamble is neither a source of power to legislature nor a prohibition upon the powers of legislature. It is non-justiciable, that is, its provisions are not enforceable in courts of law.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/09/20/from-lodha-to-ramana/

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• All the above are the benefits of sea weeds. Seaweed, or macroalgae, refers to several species of macroscopic, multicellular, marine algae. Seaweed species such as kelps provide essential nursery habitat for fisheries and other marine species and thus protect food sources; other species, such as planktonic algae, play a vital role in capturing carbon, producing up to 90% of Earth’s oxygen.
• Orobanche:
  • It is a hidden parasitic weed in mustardcausing severe yield loss to the extent of up to 50%.
  • Also called broomrapes, they are aggressive root parasitic weeds which attack strategic food crops, such as legumes and vegetables, and threaten the livelihood of many nations.
  • There are no absolute control measures developed for it.

Refer: Facts for Prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/09/20/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-20-september-2022/

Ans: (a)

Explanation:

• A phenomenon associated with the monsoon is its tendency to have ‘breaks’ in rainfall. Thus, it has wet and dry spells. In other words, the monsoon rains take place only for a few days at a time. They are interspersed with rainless intervals.
• These breaks in monsoon are related to the movement of the monsoon trough. For various reasons, the trough and its axis keep on moving northward or southward, which determines the spatial distribution of rainfall.
• Withdrawal or the retreat of the monsoon is a more gradual process.

Refer: Facts for Prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/09/20/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-20-september-2022/

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• The monsoons are experienced in the tropical area roughly between 20° N and 20° S. To understand the mechanism of the monsoons, the following facts are important. (a) The differential heating and cooling of land and water creates low pressure on the landmass of India while the seas around experience comparatively high pressure. (b) The shift of the position of Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) in summer, over the Ganga plain (this is the equatorial trough normally positioned about 5°N of the equator – also known as the monsoon trough during the monsoon season). (c) The presence of the high-pressure area, east of Madagascar, approximately at 20°S over the Indian Ocean. The intensity and position of this high-pressure area affects the Indian Monsoon. (d) The Tibetan plateau gets intensely heated during summer, which results in strong vertical air currents and the formation of high pressure over the plateau at about 9 km above sea level. (e) The movement of the westerly jet stream to the north of the Himalayas and the presence of the tropical easterly jet stream over the Indian peninsula during summer.

Refer: Facts for Prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/09/20/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-20-september-2022/

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• Bachan Singh vs State of Punjab (1980):
• The doctrine of “rarest of rare: This verdict established the doctrine of “rarest of rare” crime in handing down capital punishment while mandating a comparative analysis of aggravating and mitigating circumstances in connection to the accused.

Refer: Facts for Prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/09/20/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-20-september-2022/

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• ndaman and Nicobar (A&N) Islands have got India’s 1^stSwachh Sujal Pradesh certification (by Jal Shakti Ministry).
• The certification is provided for ensuring 3 things:
  • Safe and secure drinking water supply,
  • ODF Plus status,
  • awareness about cleanliness and convergence of schemes.
  • All the villages of A&N islandshave received Har Ghar Jal Certification.

Refer: Facts for Prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/09/20/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-20-september-2022/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• PM PRANAM (Promotion of Alternate Nutrients for Agriculture Management Yojana) has been planned to reduce the use of chemical fertilisersby incentivising states
• Features of the scheme:
  • No separate budget: The scheme will not have a separate budget and will be financed by the “savings of existing fertiliser subsidy” under schemes run by the Department of fertilisers.
  • 50% subsidy savingswill be passed on as a grant to the state that saves the money
  • 70% of the grantprovided under the scheme can be used for asset creation (adoption of alternate fertilisers at the village, block and district levels)
  • 30% grant moneycan be used for incentivising farmers, panchayats, FPOs and self-help groups that are involved in the reduction of fertiliser use and awareness generation.
  • Data availableon a fertiliser Ministry dashboard, iFMS (Integrated fertilisers Management System), will be used for this purpose

Refer: Facts for Prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/09/20/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-20-september-2022/

Ans: (c)

Explanation:

• Baltic Nationsis a geopolitical term, typically used to group the three sovereign states in Northern Europe on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea: Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.
• The three countries do not form an official union, but engage in intergovernmental and parliamentary cooperation. The most important areas of cooperation between the three countries are foreign and security policy, defence, energy and transportation.
• All three countries are members of the European Union, NATO, the eurozone and the OECD.
• All three are classified as high-income economies by the World Bankand maintain a very high Human Development Index.

Refer: Facts for Prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/09/20/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-20-september-2022/