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General Studies – 1
Topic: Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclones etc.,
Difficulty level: Easy
Reference: Down to Earth
Why the question:
Recent years have seen increased cases of urban flooding including the recent Bengaluru flooding.
Key Demand of the question:
To understand the cause of urban floods and ways to mitigate them
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by explaining what is urban flood and the widespread nature of this issue. Give recent examples.
Body:
Mention the causes of urban floods such as lake bed encroachments, deforestation etc. Cite data/examples to support your answer.
Next, mention the need for a city-wise strategic approach and recourse in the building codes and by-laws of cities to ensure proper drainage channels and provision for perforation of rainfall into groundwater to avoid urban floods. Also, measures like -Restoring wetlands, mapping flooded areas, and reducing emissions from cities will help.
Don’t forget to mention a few recommendations of NDMA and other Int’ll bodies to avoid urban flooding.
Conclusion:
Conclude by giving examples of a few regions that have mastered the techniques of managing floods and stressing the need for other cities to follow suit.
General Studies – 2
Topic: Parliament and State legislatures—structure, functioning, the conduct of business, powers & privileges and issues arising out of these.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
Qn is from the editorial of the Hindu. Recently, Competition (Amendment) Bill, 2022 and the Electricity (Amendment) Bill, 2022 were sent to the Standing Committee of Parliament for detailed examination and a report thereon.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the issues and give solutions to improve the role of these committees.
Directive word:
Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by writing about standing committees, their mandate and their functioning – discuss laws and policies by analysing them in-depth, non-partisanship, track government expenditure, scrutinise policies and bills and seek expert advice, consensus-building among parties etc.
Body:
In the first part of the body, write why the number of bills sent to the standing committees has reduced in recent years. Cite facts/data/examples to support your answer e.g. – reduced sitting, pandemic, less attendance, partisanship etc – cite stats to substantiate your points.
Suggest steps to utilise their full potential (see the steps given in the editorial). Also, cite recommendations of the Law Commission/ARC/ etc.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward.
Topic: Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
The article came in an explainer of the Hindu. Recent geopolitics has seen many countries investing in Russia’s far east and India trying to balance its relations.
Key Demand of the question:
To have an understanding of the significance of the Easter Economic forum.
Directive word:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin the answer by mentioning the recent geopolitical context, the background of EEF and its aim.
Body:
Give an account of the significance of EEF for India’s strategic and geopolitical interests. Next, list down EEF’s significance for India’s security interests.
Next, give a few challenges in pursuing these interests. (Briefly)
Conclusion:
Conclude by giving suggestions as to how these challenges can be addressed.
Topic: India- South East Asia, India – Africa
Difficulty level: Tough
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 2 and mentioned as part of the Mission-2023 Secure timetable.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about India’s interest in the Southeast region and measures adopted by India.
Directive:
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start with India – South east Asia relation and how it has evolved over time into strategic relations.
Body:
Explain first that India’s connections with Southeast Asia are rooted in history in terms of geography, civilization, culture, economy and strategy.
Strategic interest: Providing maritime passage, Connection with North East India, Import etc.
These connections became deeper in the 1990s as India initiated the policy of ‘Look East’ that resulted in manifold growth with ASEAN and South-East Asia.
Throw light upon the recent policies of the government in this direction.
Conclusion:
Conclude with importance.
Difficulty level: Tough
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 2 and mentioned as part of the Mission-2023 Secure timetable.
Key Demand of the question:
Talk about India’s priority with respect to Africa in its foreign policy and the need for revamping India-Africa policy to deepen its ties for mutual benefits.
Directive:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start with a brief background of India’s foreign policy.
Body:
Briefly discuss the ties between India-Africa from the past to the present.
In the 21st century, Africa has transformed from a lost continent to a continent of hope. Subsequently, in recent years, Africa occupies a central place in the Indian government’s foreign and economic policy.
How in the current world of rising challenges, India and Africa can work towards addressing them.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward.
General Studies – 3
Topic: Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth, development and employment.
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
The question has come from opinion piece of the Hindu.
Key Demand of the question:
Discuss the role of the service sector and in what way India’s economic growth surpassed the manufacturing-led growth phase. Suggest solutions.
Directive:
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must look into the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Discuss in brief the background of the sector-led growth in the recent decades. Give data/facts to support your answer.
Body:
After 1991, the share of industries stagnated at around 30% of GDP. This is mainly because the service sector has grown at a more rapid pace than industries. Give reasons for Service led growth. Why manufacturing sector couldn’t catch up as it did in the case of China or ASIAN countries.
Discuss then, how India’s system promoted service and discouraged industrialization in the later stages.
Suggest a solution to boost the manufacturing sector.
Conclusion:
Conclude by pointing out the issues that may arise due to such a skewed dependence on a single sector and suggest solutions to accommodate both manufacturing and service sectors in the coming future.
General Studies – 4
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start by giving the context. Bring out the key stakeholders in the above case study and the major ethical issues present.
Body:
In the body, write about the issue of moral policing involved in this case study.
Next, give valid options that are available to you. Evaluate its pros and cons in detail.
Next, write about the course of action you will take and justify that ethically.
Then, give a logical solution on how to lighten the friction between the youth and the locals.
Conclusion:
Conclude by stressing the importance of rationality in decision making.
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