[MISSION 2023] RTM(Revision through MCQs)- 29 AUG 2022

Ans: (c)

Explanation:

• Stat1: The Indian voter IDcard is an identity document issued by the Election Commission of India to adult domiciles of India who have reached the age of 18, which primarily serves as an identity proof for Indian citizens while casting their ballot in the country’s municipal, state, and national elections
• Stat2: It serves as general identity, address, and age proof for other purposes such as buying a mobile phone SIM card or applying for a passport. It also serves as a Travel Document to travel to Nepal and Bhutan by Land or Air.
• Stat3: It is also known as Electoral Photo Identity Card (EPIC). It was first introduced in 1993 during the tenure of the Chief Election Commissioner T. N. Seshan. Initially, voter IDs were printed with black ink on regular paper and laminated. Starting in 2015, the Indian government started rolling out a less perishable PVC colour version, compliant with the ISO/IEC 7810 size standard used by most payment and ATM cards.
• Stat4: On the front, the Elector Photo Identity Card contains the voter’s name, the name of a relative they have chosen (such as their father or mother), and the voter’s picture, along with the voter’s ID numbe
• On the back of the card, the voter’s home address is printed, along with an image of their Electoral Registration Officer’s signature. The back also mentions the voter’s electoral district and their assembly constituency. The newer series also contains a ‘part number’, which lets voters and election officials locate voters on their electoral roll.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/08/29/the-concerns-around-the-aadhaar-voter-id-linkage/

Ans: (a)

Explanation:

• Stat1: The Election Commission is a permanent and an independent body established by the Constitution of India directly to ensure free and fair elections in the country.
• The Election Commission was established in accordance with the Constitution on 25th January 1950.
• Stat2: Though the constitution has sought to safeguard and ensure the independence and impartiality of the Election Commission, some flaws can be noted, viz.,
• The Constitution has not prescribed the qualifications (legal, educational, administrative or judicial) of the members of the Election Commission.
• The Constitution has not specified the term of the members of the Election Commission.
• The Constitution has not debarred the retiring election commissioners from any further appointment by the government.
• Stat3: At the state level, the Election Commission is assisted by the chief electoral officer who is appointed by the chief election commissioner in consultation with the state government.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/08/29/the-concerns-around-the-aadhaar-voter-id-linkage/

Ans: (c)

Explanation:

• MDR is a fee charged from a merchant by a bank for accepting payments from customers through credit and debit cards in their establishments. MDR compensates the card issuing bank, the lender which puts the PoS terminal and payment gateways such as MasterCard or Visa for their services.
• MDR charges are usually shared in pre-agreed proportion between the bank and a merchant and is expressed in percentage of transaction amount.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/08/29/upi-payment-charges/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• Miyawaki method originated in Japan, and is now increasingly adopted in other parts of the world, including Indian urban spaces. It has revolutionised the concept of urban afforestation by turning backyards into mini-forests.
• Named after the Japanese botanist and plant ecologist Akira Miyawaki. Using this, it’s possible to grow a variety of native species in as little a space as 600 sq.ft.

Refer: facts for prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/08/29/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-29-august-2022/

Ans: (c)

Explanation:

• The Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana Gramin (PMAY-G) was formerly called the Indira Awas Yojana and was renamed in March 2016. It is targeted at promoting accessibility and affordability of housing for all of rural India with the exceptions of Delhi and Chandigarh.

Refer: facts for prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/08/29/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-29-august-2022/

Ans: (c)

Explanation:

• S1: This is obviously incorrect, they occur in upper atmospheres of both hemispheres.
• S2: Correct. Extra-tropical cyclones may not always have an eye, whereas mostly mature storms have well developed eye. Rapidly intensifying storms may develop an extremely small, clear, and circular eye, sometimes referred to as a pinhole eye.
• S3: It is warmer and not colder for a tropical cyclone. The warmer temperature is what drives the storm.

Refer: facts for prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/08/29/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-29-august-2022/

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• Tropical cyclones can relieve drought conditions as they often carry moisture laden winds.
• In addition to strong winds and rain, tropical cyclones are capable of generating high waves, damaging storm surge, and tornadoes.
• They typically weaken rapidly over and where they are cut off from their primary energy source. For this reason, coastal regions are particularly vulnerable to damage from a tropical cyclone as compared to inland regions.
• Heavy rains however, can cause significant flooding inland, and storm surges can produce extensive coastal flooding up to 25 miles from the coastline.
• They also carry heat energy away from the tropics and transport it toward temperate latitudes, because they are large wind systems that absorb the frontal conditions of the area they flow in.
• Finally, due to the high speed they blow in, they also act as the earth’s filter system by cleansing the air of toxins and pollutants out of the atmosphere. 

Refer: facts for prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/08/29/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-29-august-2022/

• The Jal Marg Vikas Project (JMVP) on NW-1 (Ganga-Bhagirathi-Hooghly river system) is being implemented by the Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI) with the financial and technical support of the World Bank.
• The Project entails development of fairway with 3 meters depth between Varanasi and Haldia (Phase-I) covering a distance of 1380 km. The NW-1 passes through West Bengal, Jharkhand, Bihar and Uttar Pradesh and serves major cities and their industrial hinterlands.

Refer: facts for prelims: : https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/08/27/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-27-august-2022/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• States can define land(previously not classified under centre or state records) as forests
  • As per SC (Godavarman case 1996)
• Forest is under the Concurrent list

Refer: facts for prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/08/29/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-29-august-2022/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• : India has formally submitted an updated Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) target to UNFCCC
• India’s INDC (to be achieved primarily by 2030)
• Original Target: A total of 40%of the installed capacity for electricity will be from non-fossil fuel sources.
• New Target: 50% by 2030(with help from international finance (Global climate fund) and transfer of technology
• Original Target:To reduce the emissions intensity of the GDP by 33-35% (from the 2005 level)
• New Target: 45%of GDP by 2030
• New target added:Propagating a sustainable way of living: mass movement for ‘LIFE- Lifestyle for environment’ using traditions and values of conservation.
• India also promised an additional carbon sinkof 5 to 3 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent through additional forest and tree cover by the year 2030.
• New targets at COP26: India announced the goal of reaching net-zero by 2070 (Read Panchamitra Plan)
• As per the recent report, achieving these targets will boost India’s GDP by up to 4.7% (2036) and create million new jobs
• INDC: The INDCs are the primary means for governments to communicate internationally the steps they will take to address climate change in their own countries. They are not legally

Refer: facts for prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/08/29/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-29-august-2022/

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• S1: The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layeris the landmark multilateral environmental agreement that regulates the production and consumption of nearly 100 man-made chemicals referred to as ozone depleting substances (ODS). When released to the atmosphere, those chemicals damage the stratospheric ozone layer, Earth’s protective shield that protects humans and the environment from harmful levels of ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Adopted on 15 September 1987, the Protocol is to date the only UN treaty ever that has been ratified every country on Earth – all 198 UN Member States.
• S2: The Montreal Protocol led to the replacement of CFCs with Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) which do not destroy the Ozone layer.
• Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs)are gases used worldwide in refrigeration, air-conditioning and foam applications, but they are being phased out under the Montreal Protocol since deplete the ozone layer. HCFCs are both ODS and powerful greenhouse gases: the most commonly used HCFC is nearly 2,000 times more potent than carbon dioxide in terms of its global warming potential (GWP).
• Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs),were introduced as non-ozone depleting alternatives to support the timely phase out of CFCs and HCFCs. HFCs are now widespread in air conditioners, refrigerators, aerosols, foams and other products. While these chemicals do not deplete the stratospheric ozone layer, some of them have high GWPs ranging from 12 to 14,000.

Refer: facts for prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/08/29/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-29-august-2022/