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General Studies – 1
Topic: Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc., geographical features and their location-changes in critical geographical features (including water-bodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes.
Difficulty level: Tough
Reference: The Hindu , Indian express
Why the question:
Deaths from widespread flooding in Pakistan topped 1,000 since mid-June, officials said August 28, as the country’s climate minister called the deadly monsoon season “a serious climate catastrophe.”
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the factors behind rise in extreme weather events like flooding and role of climate change in it.
Directive word:
Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start by giving context.
Body:
In the first part of the body, start by giving various reasons that has led to increasing extreme weather events across the world. Natural as well as anthropogenic. Substantiate with examples.
In the next part, write about the role of climate change in the increasing extreme weather events across the world. Analyse as to what extent it is responsible. Cite facts to substantiate.
Conclusion:
Stress upon the action that is needed to mitigate the impact of extreme weather events.
General Studies – 2
Topic: Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary—Ministries and Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity.
Difficulty level: Easy
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 2 and mentioned as part of Mission-2023 Secure timetable.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the roles and responsibilities of the Governor.
Directive:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start by mentioning about Article 153 and the constitutional position of the governor.
Body:
First, in detail, write about the Executive powers are vested on the governor which is exercised by him either directly or through subordinate officers.
Next, write about the Governor is also provided with some judicial powers under the Constitution. Just like the President, the Governor also has the power to grant pardon.
Next, write about the Legislative and financial power of the governor.
Finally, mention the emergency powers as well as the discretionary powers of the government.
Conclusion:
Conclude by summarising.
Topic: Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary—Ministries and Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 2 and mentioned as part of Mission-2023 Secure timetable.
Key Demand of the question:
To critically write about the issues with respect to office of the governor.
Directive:
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Give brief introduction of Governor in Indian Polity.
Body:
First, first the significance of the post of Governor as enshrined in the Indian constitution.
Discuss the issues related to abuse of post of Governor in federal polity failing to the functions impartially and efficiently and why the tag of ‘agent of centre’ is being associated with the office of governor. Substantiate with examples.
Next, Explain the misuse of Article 356, Power of Reserving bill, Partisan role in Hung assemblies etc. with examples of recent times.
Conclusion:
Conclude with way forward to overcome the above.
General Studies – 3
Topic: Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Indian Express , Insights on India
Why the question:
Much of the universe remains unknown. The Webb telescope will hopefully provide a powerful window to help resolve some of the cosmos’s many mysteries.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the significance of James Webb telescope.
Directive word:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by mentioning the context of James Webb telescope.
Body:
In the first part, mention the various features of James Webb telescope.
Next, write about how James Webb telescope will contribute to the advancement of science. The Webb has four instruments to observe and analyse infrared waves. This makes it singularly suitable to observe the light emitted from the earliest epochs of the universe. This will give us an insight into how the first stars and galaxies formed from the primaeval soup of matter and radiation.
Next, Mention the things that have already been observed in it.
Conclusion:
Conclude by summarising.
Topic: Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Down to Earth , Insights on India
Why the question:
The Supertech Twin towers in Sector 93A of Noida, Uttar Pradesh were demolished by controlled implosion at 2.30 pm August 28, 2022. Their being located in a residential neighbourhood of Noida makes it even more essential to introduce interventions to mitigate pollution and waste, post-demolition.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the effects of construction waste and steps needed to manage it better.
Directive word:
Elaborate – Give a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start by giving context which highlights the extent of construction waste issues.
Body:
First, write about the main types of pollution associated with construction and construction waste – air, water and noise.
Next, write the how adversely it affects the human health and environment and how it can lead to irreversible damage.
Next, write about the steps that are needed to tackle the above issues.
Conclusion:
Conclude with way forward.
General Studies – 4
Topic: Contributions of moral thinkers and philosophers from India and the world to the concepts of morality;
Difficulty Level: Tough
Reference: plato.stanford.edu
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4 and part of ‘Philosophical Mondays’ in Mission-2023 Secure.
Key Demand of the question:
To compare and contrast deontology and utilitarianism and their application in present day life.
Directive word:
Debate – Weigh up to what extent something is true. Persuade the reader of your argument by citing relevant research but also remember to point out any flaws and counter- arguments as well. Conclude by stating clearly how far you agree with the original proposition.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by defining deontological ethics and its features.
Body:
First, write as to why utilitarianism is more acceptable and popular.
Next, write the limitations of utilitarianism and how deontological ethics have more moral sensitivity in our daily lives on basis of rules and laws it lays down. Justify with examples as to how it is part of our daily lives.
Conclusion:
Give a concise summation of your views to conclude the answer.
Topic: laws, rules, regulations and conscience as sources of ethical guidance;
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Reference: Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude by Lexicon Publications.
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4 and part of ‘Philosophical Mondays’ in Mission-2023 Secure.
Key Demand of the question:
Using the metaphor of the moral compass to describe conscience, our inner sense of right and wrong offers a framework to guide our actions.
Directive:
Elaborate – Give a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the particular context. You must be defining key terms where ever appropriate, and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start by describing what you understand by moral compass (conscience) which governs the actions you take in day-to-day life.
Body:
Elaborate on how the moral compass aids in deciding what right from is wrong. Use examples to substantiate your points.
One way is to treat others the way you want to be treated.
Next way, to use Rights Theory that obligates us to respect the rights of others and live up to our obligations towards them.
Another way is to utilitarian perspective to do maximum good for maximum people.
Conclusion:
Completed the answer by bring out how the moral compass prevents us acting purely from self-interest and helps us live a life of integrity.
Write about the course of action you will take.
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