[Mission 2023] Insta– QUED ( Questions from Editorials ) 25 August 2022

Solution: b)

Currently, the Union Home Ministry issues periodic “disturbed area” notification to extend the AFSPA only for Nagaland and Arunachal Pradesh.

The notification for Manipur and Assam is issued by the State governments. Tripura revoked the Act in 2015 and Meghalaya was under the AFSPA for 27 years, until it was revoked by the Ministry from April 1, 2018. The Act was implemented in a 20-km area along the border with Assam. Jammu and Kashmir has a separate J&K Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act, 1990.

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Solution: d)

Combined Maritime Forces (CMF) is a multi-national naval partnership, which exists to promote security, stability and prosperity across approximately 3.2 million square miles of international waters, which encompass some of the world’s most important shipping lanes.

CMF’s main focus areas are defeating terrorism, preventing piracy, encouraging regional cooperation, and promoting a safe maritime environment.

CMF counters violent extremism and terrorist networks in maritime areas of responsibility; works with regional and other partners to improve overall security and stability; helps strengthen regional nations’ maritime capabilities and, when requested, responds to environmental and humanitarian crises.

Solution: b)

GSOMIA:

• (a military information agreement) was the first of the foundational agreements to be signed in 2002
• It essentially guaranteed that the two countries would protect any classified information or technology that they shared
• It was aimed at promoting interoperability and laid the foundation for future US arms sales to the country

LEMOA (logistics exchange agreement):

• It was signed in 2016
• It provides the framework for sharing military logistics, for example for refueling and replenishment of stores for ships or aircraft transiting through an Indian/US facility

COMCASA (communications security agreement):

• It was signed in 2018
• This enables the US to supply India with its proprietary encrypted communications equipment and systems, allowing secure peacetime and wartime communications between high-level military leaders on both sides

Basic Exchange Cooperation Agreement (BECA) signed in 2020:

• BECA will help India get real-time access to American geospatial intelligence that will enhance the accuracy of automated systems and weapons like missiles and armed drones.
• Through the sharing of information on maps and satellite images, it will help India access topographical and aeronautical data, and advanced products that will aid in navigation and targeting

Solution: c)

Forest produce can be divided into several categories. From the point of view of usage, forest produce can be categorized into three types: Timber, Non-Timber and Minor Minerals. Non-timber forest products [NTFPs] are known also as minor forest produce (MFP) or non-wood forest produce (NWFP).

MINOR FOREST PRODUCES (MFPs)

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Solution: b)

Freedom of navigation (FON) is a principle of customary international law that ships flying the flag of any sovereign state shall not suffer interference from other states, apart from the exceptions provided for in international law. This right is now also codified as Article 87(1)a of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.

UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) does not authorise other States to carry out in the Exclusive Economic Zone and on the continental shelf, military exercises or manoeuvres, in particular those involving the use of weapons or explosives, without the consent of the coastal state.