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General Studies – 1
Topic: History of the world will include events from 18th century such as industrial revolution, world wars, redrawal of national boundaries, colonization, decolonization, political philosophies like communism, capitalism, socialism etc.— their forms and effect on the society.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 1 and mentioned as part of Mission-2023 Secure timetable.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the various causes of American civil war.
Directive word:
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving context of American Civil war between northern states and southern states.
Body:
First, write major various factors that caused the outbreak of American civil war – Political, Economic and Social causes.
Next, examine whether the civil war was primarily a power conflict between the states or was fought for the issue of slavery? Give examples to substantiate your points.
Conclusion:
Pass a judgement regarding the primary cause of civil war.
Topic: History of the world will include events from 18th century such as industrial revolution, world wars, redrawal of national boundaries, colonization, decolonization, political philosophies like communism, capitalism, socialism etc.— their forms and effect on the society.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 1 and mentioned as part of Mission-2023 Secure timetable.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the role of secret alliances in the outbreak of world war-I.
Directive word:
Critically analyze – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary. When ‘critically’ is suffixed or prefixed to a directive, one needs to look at the good and bad of the topic and give a balanced judgment on the topic.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start by briefly mentioning the origins of secret alliances in Europe led by Bismarck.
Body:
First, write about the alliances as the handiwork of Bismarck, who tried to build a network of such alliances against Germany’s enemies after the Franco-Prussian War of 1870. The system of alliances, as you can guess, helped on some occasions in preserving peace, in as much as the members within one group often held their friends or allies in restraint from provoking war. But it also made it inevitable that if a war did come, it would involve all the great powers of Europe.
Next, write about the other factors responsible for the outbreak of the war.
Conclusion:
Conclude by highlighting the role of secret alliances in the beginning of world war-I.
General Studies – 2
Topic: Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.
Difficulty level: Tough
Reference: The Hindu , The Hindu
Why the question:
A Parliamentary panel has recommended conferring equal rights on mothers as guardians under the Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act (HMGA), 1956 instead of treating them as subordinates to their husband, and has called for joint custody of children during marital disputes. It has also proposed allowing the LGBTQI community to adopt children.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the issues in adoption of children in India and the need to have a child centric adoption policy.
Directive word:
Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
In brief, give a scenario of adoption in India.
Body:
In the first part, write about various laws and rules that govern the adoption process in the country.
Next, mention the various issues in the adoption policies in the country – issues with CARA, informal adoption, delays, lack of emphasis on child welfare etc.
Mention the changes that are required to the adoption policy in India. Include the recommendations of the Parliamentary panel on the same.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward.
Topic: Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Down to Earth
Why the question:
The Lok Sabha passed Energy Conservation (Amendment) Bill 2022 August 9, 2022. The bill brings in a list of amendments to the Energy Conservation Act 2001 to promote energy efficiency and conservation.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the features of Energy Conservation (Amendment) Bill 2022 and its role in promoting renewable energy and penalizing polluters.
Directive Word:
Evaluate – When you are asked to evaluate, you have to pass a sound judgement about the truth of the given statement in the question or the topic based on evidence. You must appraise the worth of the statement in question. There is scope for forming an opinion here.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving the aims and objectives of Energy Conservation (Amendment) Bill 2022.
Body:
First, write about the various features of the bill – Mandatory utilisation of non-fossil sources of energy, Carbon market, Energy conservation code for large buildings and Revised penalty provisions by SERCs etc.
Next, write about how the above will ensure the greater use of renewable energy and penalise polluters.
Next, write about the shortcomings of the bill.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
General Studies – 3
Topic: Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: The Hindu , Insights on India
Why the question:
A global analysis of air quality found that Indian cities, while recording particulate matter emissions (PM2.5) that are among the highest in the world, do relatively better on nitrogen dioxide (NO 2) emissions.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about PM 2.5, its sources, impact and steps needed to tackle it.
Directive word:
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by defining PM 2.5 and its components. Give context regarding the worsening levels of PM 2.5.
Body:
First, write about the indoor and outdoor sources of PM 2.5 – Outside, fine particles primarily come from automobile exhausts, burning of fuels such as wood, heating oil or coal and natural sources such as forest and grass fires. indoor sources of fine particles are tobacco smoke, cooking, burning candles or oil lamps, and operating fireplaces and fuel-burning space heaters
Next, write about impact of PM 2.5 on human health. Substantiate with facts and examples.
Next, write about measures that are needed to reduce the concentration of PM 2.5 in the atmosphere in India.
Conclusion:
Concluding by writing a way forward.
General Studies – 3
Topic: challenges of corruption.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4 and part of ‘Abstract Thursdays’ in Mission-2023 Secure.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about role of persuasion in marketing and role of truth and lies in marketing.
Directive:
Comment– here we must express our knowledge and understanding of the issue and form an overall opinion thereupon.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start by giving context of corruption as a shortcut for success.
Body:
Write about the various ways in which less efficient people use corruption as means to go ahead of more deserving and more efficient people in the society using unfair and nefarious ways. Substantiate with examples.
Next, write about the ways in which the above can be avoided.
Conclusion:
Conclude by summarising.
General Studies – 4
Topic: Aptitude and foundational values for Civil Service, integrity, impartiality and nonpartisanship, objectivity, dedication to public service, empathy, tolerance and compassion towards the weaker-sections.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4 and part of ‘Abstract Thursdays’ in Mission-2023 Secure.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about rich philanthropic culture of India.
Directive:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start by giving context.
Body:
Write about the Philanthropy in India – from business houses to individuals – trace the journey of great philanthropes of India since independence and right up to the COVID-19 and the PM cares fund.
Highlight the significance of the above.
Conclusion:
Conclude by summarising.
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