[Mission 2023] INSIGHTS STATIC QUIZ, 06 August 2022 – Geography

Solution: d)

The Himalayan Mountains and the Alps are young fold mountains with rugged relief and high conical peaks.

Block Mountains are created when large areas are broken and displaced vertically. The uplifted blocks are termed as horsts and the lowered blocks are called graben. The Rhine valley and the Vosges mountain in Europe are examples of such mountain systems.

The Aravalli range in India is one of the oldest fold mountain systems in the world yet not associated with volcanic activity. 

Solution: b)

Block Mountains

• Block mountains are created because of faulting on a large scale (when large areas or blocks of earth are broken and displaced vertically or horizontally).
• The uplifted blocks are termed as horsts,and the lowered blocks are called graben.
• The Great African Rift Valley, The Rhine Valleyand the Vosges mountain in Europe are examples.
• Block mountains are also called fault-block mountainssince they are formed due to faulting as a result of tensile and compressive forces.

Solution: a)

Land and Sea Breezes

The land and sea absorb and transfer heat differently.

During the day the land heats up faster and becomes warmer than the sea. Therefore, over the land the air rises giving rise to a low-pressure area, whereas the sea is relatively cool and the pressure over sea is relatively high. Thus, pressure gradient from sea to land is created and the wind blows from the sea to the land as the sea breeze.

In the night the reversal of condition takes place. The land loses heat faster and is cooler than the sea. The pressure gradient is from the land to the sea and hence land breeze results

Solution: d)

Planetary or permanent winds blow from high pressure belts to low pressure belts in the same direction throughout the year. They blow over vast area of continents and oceans. They are easterly and westerlies and polar easterlies.

(i) The Easterlies

The winds that blow from sub-tropical high-pressure areas towards equatorial low-pressure areas called trade or easterly winds.

Because of the Coriolis effect the northern trade winds move away from the subtropical high in north-east direction.

In southern hemisphere the trade winds diverge out of the sub-tropical high towards the equatorial low from the southeast direction

As the trade winds tend to blow mainly from the east, they are also known as the Tropical easterlies.

(ii) The Westerlies

The winds that move poleward from the sub-tropical high pressure in the northern hemisphere are deflected to the right and thus blow from the southwest.

These in the southern hemisphere are deflected to the left and blow from the north-west. Thus, these winds are called westerlies

(iii) Polar Easterlies

Polar easterlies blow from polar regions towards sub-polar low-pressure regions.

Their direction in the northern hemisphere is from north-east to southwest and from south-east to north-west in the southern hemisphere.

Solution: b)

Geyser:

• Steam or water at high pressure, along its path, gets accumulated in small reservoirs, fissures and fractures. Once the pressure exceeds the threshold limit, the steam bursts out to the surface disrupting the water at the mouth. Hence the name geyser.
• Silicate deposits at mouth give them their distinct colours.
• Generally, geysers are located near active volcanic areas. Iceland is famous for its geysers.

Hot water spring:

• Steam or water at high pressure smoothly flows to the top through the vent and condense at the surface giving rise to a spring.
• Some springs are very colourful because of the presence of cyanobacteriaof different colours.
• Found all across the world