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Question 1 of 5
1. Question
With reference to the Government of India Act of 1919, the system of ‘dyarchy’ implied that
Correct
Solution: d)
- The 1919 Act relaxed the central control over the provinces by demarcating and separating the central and provincial subjects.
- The central and provincial legislatures were authorised to make laws on their respective list of subjects. However, the structure of government continued to be centralised and unitary.
- It further divided the provincial subjects into two parts—transferred and reserved. The transferred subjects were to be administered by the governor with the aid of ministers responsible to the legislative Council.
- The reserved subjects, on the other hand, were to be administered by the governor and his executive council without being responsible to the legislative Council.
This dual scheme of governance was known as ‘dyarchy’.
Incorrect
Solution: d)
- The 1919 Act relaxed the central control over the provinces by demarcating and separating the central and provincial subjects.
- The central and provincial legislatures were authorised to make laws on their respective list of subjects. However, the structure of government continued to be centralised and unitary.
- It further divided the provincial subjects into two parts—transferred and reserved. The transferred subjects were to be administered by the governor with the aid of ministers responsible to the legislative Council.
- The reserved subjects, on the other hand, were to be administered by the governor and his executive council without being responsible to the legislative Council.
This dual scheme of governance was known as ‘dyarchy’.
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Question 2 of 5
2. Question
Which Act enabled the Governor General to associate representatives of the Indian People with the work of legislation by nominating them to his expanded council?
Correct
Solution: b)
Indian Councils Act, 1861, made a beginning of representative institutions by associating Indians with the law-making process. It thus provided that the viceroy should nominate some Indians as non-official members of his expanded council.
In 1862, Lord Canning, the then viceroy, nominated three Indians to his legislative council—the Raja of Benaras, the Maharaja of Patiala and Sir Dinkar Rao.
Incorrect
Solution: b)
Indian Councils Act, 1861, made a beginning of representative institutions by associating Indians with the law-making process. It thus provided that the viceroy should nominate some Indians as non-official members of his expanded council.
In 1862, Lord Canning, the then viceroy, nominated three Indians to his legislative council—the Raja of Benaras, the Maharaja of Patiala and Sir Dinkar Rao.
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Question 3 of 5
3. Question
Consider the following statements.
- Political equality of citizens refers to equal voting rights and equal eligibility for public offices.
- A democracy can exist without a written constitution.
Which of the above statements is/are incorrect?
Correct
Solution: d)
Political equality of citizens refers to equal voting rights, equal eligibility for public offices etc. In a sense, it is one man, one vote as per BR Ambedkar.
A democracy can exist without a written constitution. Britain is the best example.
Incorrect
Solution: d)
Political equality of citizens refers to equal voting rights, equal eligibility for public offices etc. In a sense, it is one man, one vote as per BR Ambedkar.
A democracy can exist without a written constitution. Britain is the best example.
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Question 4 of 5
4. Question
With reference to Right to Constitutional Remedies guaranteed under Article 32, consider the following statements:
- Fundamental rights and other statutory rights can be enforced under Article 32.
- Article 32 cannot be invoked to determine the constitutionality of an executive order or a legislation unless it directly infringes on any Fundamental Rights.
- The Supreme Court has both exclusive and original jurisdiction in case of enforcement of Fundamental Rights.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Correct
Solution: c)
- The Supreme Court has ruled that Article 32 is a basic feature of the Constitution. Hence, it cannot be abridged or taken away even by way of an amendment to the Constitution.
- Only the Fundamental Rights guaranteed by the Constitution can be enforced under Article 32 and not any other right like non-fundamental constitutional rights, statutory rights, customary rights and so on.
- In case of the enforcement of Fundamental Rights, the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court is original but not exclusive. It is concurrent with the jurisdiction of the high court under Article 226.
- Article 32 cannot be invoked simply to determine the constitutionality of an executive order or a legislation unless it directly infringes any of the fundamental rights.
Incorrect
Solution: c)
- The Supreme Court has ruled that Article 32 is a basic feature of the Constitution. Hence, it cannot be abridged or taken away even by way of an amendment to the Constitution.
- Only the Fundamental Rights guaranteed by the Constitution can be enforced under Article 32 and not any other right like non-fundamental constitutional rights, statutory rights, customary rights and so on.
- In case of the enforcement of Fundamental Rights, the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court is original but not exclusive. It is concurrent with the jurisdiction of the high court under Article 226.
- Article 32 cannot be invoked simply to determine the constitutionality of an executive order or a legislation unless it directly infringes any of the fundamental rights.
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Question 5 of 5
5. Question
The right to form co-operative societies is a fundamental right under ________ of the Constitution of India.
Correct
Solution: b)
The 97th constitutional amendment act gave a constitutional status and protection to cooperative societies and made the following changes in the constitution:
- It made the right to form co-operative societies a fundamental right (Article 19).
- It included a new Directive Principle of State Policy on promotion of co-operative societies (Article 43-B).
- It added a new Part IX-B in the Constitution which is entitled “The Co-operative Societies”.
Incorrect
Solution: b)
The 97th constitutional amendment act gave a constitutional status and protection to cooperative societies and made the following changes in the constitution:
- It made the right to form co-operative societies a fundamental right (Article 19).
- It included a new Directive Principle of State Policy on promotion of co-operative societies (Article 43-B).
- It added a new Part IX-B in the Constitution which is entitled “The Co-operative Societies”.
