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General Studies – 1
Topic: Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant events, personalities, issues;
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Reference: A Brief History of Modern India by Spectrum Publishers.
Why this question:
The question is based on the theme of Morley Minto Reforms.
Key demand of the question:
One has to discuss that the Reforms of 1909, commonly known as the Morley Minto Reforms were introduced to placate the moderates and driving them away from the extremists. It was a part of the three-pronged approach of repression-conciliation -suppression. However, it failed to satisfy moderates.
Directive:
Elucidate – Give a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the particular context. You must be defining key terms where ever appropriate, and substantiate them with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Body:
Explain the following aspects:
- Discuss what the demands of the moderates were – like the expansion of legislative council, responsible government etc.
- How these reforms were just a shadow of what was actually demanded. For example – Indians were allowed to participate in the election of the various legislative council but on the basis of class and community
- The number of elected members in legislative councils increased but the overall non-official majority was introduced in provincial councils.
- A separate electorate for Muslims was introduced
Conclusion:
Conclude that the reforms of 1909 instead of solving the political problems of the country created more chaos.
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Reference: A Brief History of Modern India by Spectrum Publishers.
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of the General studies paper – 1.
Key Demand of the question:
To explain the limitations of the Home Rule Movement, especially with regards to Home Rule leagues. Also, to explain the legacy of the movement.
Directive:
Analyze – When asked to analyse, you have to examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them as a whole in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
In short, write about the Home Rule Movement, its leaders, inspiration and aims and objectives.
Body:
Elaborate further upon the Home Rule movement and its nature of functioning and spread.
Bring out the limitations of Home Rule, lack of cohesiveness between Tilak’s and Besant’s leagues, Skepticism of Congress, Lack of leadership post-1917 etc.
In the next part write in detail about the legacy of the movement. Giving impetus to national movement during the war period, facilitating the re-entry of extremists in Congress, Lucknow, creating a platform for upcoming leaders, and preparing India for the arrival of Gandhi and mass movements.
Conclusion:
Summarize the overall importance and the legacy of the Home rule movement.
General Studies – 2
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: The Indian Express
Why the question:
The term of office of Vice President M Venkaiah Naidu comes to an end on August 10. The election is scheduled for August 6, and July 19 is the last date for filing nominations.
Key demand of the question:
Give provisions from the constitution regarding Vice President and analyze how in certain situations his position has become redundant and at other times it has not.
Directive:
Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving articles regarding provisions of the Vice President.
Body:
First, start with analyzing the role of the Vice President – how they hold dual responsibilities of being chairperson of Rajya Sabha and VP.
Second, with a few examples try to highlight at what instances his role has become redundant.Conclusion:
Give a positive way forward how his role is still quite important.
Topic: Pressure Groups & Formal/informal Associations & Their Role in Polity.
Difficulty level: Moderate.
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
The report has highlighted that 60-70% of loans by SHG are used for personal purposes.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the role of SHGs in women empowerment and suggest innovative measures to improve their performance.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start by defining SHGs and the origin and growth of the SHG movement in India.
Body:
First, write about the role played by the SHGs in women empowerment – breaking chains of poverty, collective action, self-employment and financial independence and credit disbursal etc.
Next, write about the various factors which have constrained SHGs from realising their full potential e.g. use of funds for personal use, lack of awareness, digital divide, and lack of financial literacy.
Suggest innovative measures to overcome these- e.g. establishing credit counselling centres in districts.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
General Studies – 3
Topic: Inclusive growth and associated issues/challenges
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Live Mint
Why the question:
It was six years ago that the Indian government launched its ambitious ‘Digital India’ programme to transform the country into a “digitally empowered society and knowledge economy.” Now the need to accelerate is further forward.
Key Demand of the question:
How the PPP model can help accelerate the vision of Digital India.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving a context of the Digital India Programme.
Body:
Give the status of its implementation, including its limitations e.g., not yet reached the grassroots level.
Then show how the PPP model can help Digital India reach far-off areas, thus helping the government’s vision of a ‘digital-first’ economy.
E.g., WhatsApp and India have introduced many India-first innovations on the platform and have helped common people join India’s digital ecosystem.
Conclusion:
Give a balanced viewpoint- digitization must be balanced with the need for privacy and access to digital rights.
General Studies – 4
Thursday: Abstract questions based on current events.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Current Affairs events
Why the question:
Rise in mental health issues, increase in social discord in the society etc.
Key Demand of the question:
To look at the happening in society from an ethical perspective and figure out the reason for this situation.
Directive:
Discuss: This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
- Introduction: Give any illustration to substantiate the question. Ex: Number of people now getting connected through social media and rise in hate speeches using social media in recent times or the lack of unity in the world to address issues such as Vaccine inequity, nuclear disarmament, climate change efforts etc.
Body:
- Give more illustrations (give brief statements) of the growing divide within ourselves and with others. Ex: Failure to resolve the refugee crisis, climate change actions etc. You can include growing fundamentalism amongst the people, civil wars, Russia-Ukraine etc.
- Identify the reason why this trend is increasing. Ex: Erosion of values in private and public relationships, change in family structure etc.
- Suggest suitable solutions for these reasons you have identified.
Conclusion:
Highlight any recent step taken by any government or a civil society organization to overcome this situation in recent times which could be replicated at a larger level by all other countries.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Current Affairs events
Why the question:
Growing level of distrust amongst the public on journalism and other forms of media houses.
Key Demand of the question:
To analyze the growing distrust amongst the public on journalism from an ethical perspective.
Directive:
Comment: here we must express our knowledge and understanding of the issue and form an overall opinion thereupon.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction: Bring out the basic objective of journalism in your introduction.
Body:
- Substantiate how lack of courage and falling levels of integrity is manifesting themselves now. Ex: TRP wars, fake and biased news, paid news
- Quotes reasons for the above situation: fear of persecution, the politicization of media houses etc.
- Suggest measures to overcome this situation
Conclusion:
Highlight the importance of journalism in a democratic country like India and the cruciality of acting promptly on this issue.
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