[MISSION 2023] INSIGHTS CURRENT AFFAIRS (2 July 2022 ) REVISION THROUGH MCQS

Ans: (c)

Explanation: here the directive word is not correct!!

• S1: NHRC is a statutory body established on 12th October, 1993 under the Protection of Human Rights Act (PHRA), 1993.
• S2: NHRC was established in compliance with the Paris Principles of Human Rights, 1991 which were adopted for the promotion and protection of Human Rights and were endorsed by the United Nations at its General Assembly of 1993.
• S3: The Commission consists of a Chairperson, five full-time Members and seven deemed Members. The statute lays down qualifications for the appointment of the Chairperson and Members of the Commission.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/07/02/indias-nuclear-policy-reflects-its-past-ideology-nhrc-chief/

Ans: (a)

Explanation: About BBB:

• It was set up in February 2016as an autonomous body– based on the recommendations of the RBI-appointed Nayak Committee.
• It was part of the Indradhanush Plan.
• It will make recommendations for the appointment of whole-time directors as well as non-executive chairpersons of Public Sector Banks (PSBs) and state-owned financial institutions.
• The Ministry of Finance takes the final decision on the appointmentsin consultation with the Prime Minister’s Office.
• S2: The Chairman is selected by the central government and the RBI governor does not head it.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/07/02/financial-services-institutions-bureau-fsib/

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

• Anti-dumping duty is different from countervailing duty. The countervailing duty is imposed in order to counter the negative impact of import subsidies to protect domestic producers.
• Countervailing Duties (CVDs) are tariffs levied on imported goods to offset subsidies made to producers of these goods in the exporting country.
• CVDs are meant to level the playing field between domestic producers of a product and foreign producers of the same product who can afford to sell it at a lower price because of the subsidy they receive from their government.
• Anti-dumping duty is a customs duty on imports providing a protection against the dumping of goods at prices substantially lower than the normal value whereas Countervailing duty is a customs duty on goods that have received government subsidies in the originating or exporting country.
• Anti-dumping measures are taken to ensure fair trade and provide a level playing field to the domestic industry.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/07/02/dumping/

Ans: (c)

Explanation:

• ‘MoEFCC has notified Forest (conservation) Rules 2022, under the Forest (conservation) Act, 1980.
  • New Rules says:
  • On monitoring: Constitute an advisory committee, a regional empowered committee and a screening committee at the State/UT
  • Integrated Regional Office:It will examine all the linear projects (e.g. roads, highways, etc) involving land up to 40 hectares and the use of forest land up to 0.7 canopy density
  • Time frame: A fixed time for quicker review of each project
  • Responsibility to states:States are given the responsibility of settling forest rights of forest dwellers (Forest Rights Act, 2006) and allowing diversion of forest land.
  • Allows compensatory afforestation (CA) in other states:If the state already has over two-thirds area under green cover or over one-third area under forest cover, then CA could be taken in other states/UTs where the cover is less than 20%

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/07/02/forest-conservation-rules-2022-notified/

Ans: (c)

Explanation:

• Kutchi community of Gujaratcelebrates their new year on this day.
  Ashadhi Bij falls on the second day of Shukla paksha of Ashada month of the Hindu calendar.
• The festival is associated with the beginning of rains in the Kutch region of Gujarat.
• During Ashadhi Bij, the moisture in the atmosphere is checked to predict which crop would do best in the coming monsoon

Refer: facts for prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/07/02/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-02-july-2022/

Ans: (a)

Explanation:

• A person cannot be prosecuted more than once for the same offence.
• Article 20(2) of the Constitution guarantees the right against double jeopardy.
• Multiple FIRs on the same incident would virtually mean multiple trials. Approaching the Supreme Court in such situations is a procedural safeguard against excessive litigation.
• Other judgements:
• In T T Anthony v State of Kerala, a 2001 verdict, the Supreme Court held that there cannot be a “second FIR”on the same issue.
• In 2020, the Supreme Court in the case of Arnab Goswami v Union of Indiaexpanded this ruling and said that similar FIRs in different jurisdictions also violate fundamental rights.

Refer: facts for prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/07/02/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-02-july-2022/

Ans: (c)

Explanation:

• “Raising and Accelerating MSME Performance” (RAMP) is a World Bank assisted Central Sector Scheme.
• It has been launched tosupport various Resilience and Recovery Interventions of the Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MoMSME).
• In addition to building the MoMSME’s capacityat the national level, the RAMP program will seek to scale up implementation capacity and MSME coverage in States.

Refer: facts for prelims: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2022/07/02/mission-2023-insights-daily-current-affairs-pib-summary-02-july-2022/

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• S1:Einstein’s theory of relativity has important astrophysical implications. For example, it implies the existence of black holes—regions of space in which space and time are distorted in such a way that nothing, not even light, can escape—as an end-state for massive stars.
• There is ample evidence that the intense radiation emitted by certain kinds of astronomical objects is due to black holes; for example, micro quasars and active galactic nuclei result from the presence of stellar black holes and super massive black holes, respectively.
• The bending of light by gravity can lead to the phenomenon of gravitational lensing, in which multiple images of the same distant astronomical object are visible in the sky. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• S2:General relativity also predicts the existence of gravitational waves, which have since been observed directly by the physics collaboration LIGO. In addition, general relativity is the basis of current cosmological models of a consistently expanding universe. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• S3:General relativity is Einstein’s law of gravity, his Justification of that fundamental force which holds us to the surface of the Earth. Gravity, Einstein asserted, is caused by warping of space and time or space-time. Hence, statement 3 is correct.
• Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_relativity
• http://www.einstein-online.info/spotlights/light_deflection.html
• https://www.its.caltech.edu/~kip/index.html/PubScans/VI-47.pdf

Refer: UPSC CSE 2018

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

• The East India Company was originally formed in Britain for pursuing trade with the East Indies in Southeast Asia. In fact, it ended up trading mainly with the Indian subcontinent and China, where the main items of trade were cotton, silk, tea, opium, and saltpetre (potassium nitrate).
• Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_India_Company

Refer: UPSC CSE 2018

Ans: (a)

Explanation:

• S1:The Buland Darwaza is made of red and buff sandstone, decorated by white and black marble and is higher than the courtyard of the mosque. The Buland Darwaza is symmetrical and is topped by large free standing kiosks, which are the chhatris.
• S2:The architectural style of the Rumi Darwaza is completely in sync with the Nawabi architecture of Lucknow, and its significantly different from the Mughals. The material used for the drawaza is bricks and its then coated with lime, while the Mughals often used red sand stone. This is why the detailing on the Darwaza is more intricate, which would be impossible to achieve in stone.
• Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bara_Imambara

Refer: UPSC CSE 2018