[MISSION 2022] Insights SECURE 2022 : Daily UPSC Mains Answer Writing Practice: 10 June 2022

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General Studies – 1

Topic: Salient features of world’s physical geography.

1. What are the various factors that affect the formation of Savanna type of climate? Examine the various threats to Savanna biomes. (250 words)

Difficulty level: Moderate

Reference: Insights on India

Why the question:

The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 1.

Key Demand of the question:

Directive word: 

Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.

Structure of the answer:

Introduction: 

Give a brief about Tropical savannas or grasslands that they are associated with the tropical wet and dry climate type.

Body:

First, write about the factors conducive for Savanna type of climate – tropical regions 8° to 20° from the Equator, warm to hot, The dry season is associated with the low sun period etc.

 Next, mention that the Savanna climate provides for a diverse vegetation such as grasslands, hardy weather proofed trees and diverse fauna and mention different Savanna regions such as East African, Llanos, Pampas etc and how they differently impact their ecology.

Next, mention the various threats such as water logging, fire, drought, grazing etc.

Conclusion:

Conclude by stating that in the present context of Climate change it is imperative to address the threats faced by the Savannas and ensure ecological balance.

General Studies – 2

Topic: Indian Constitution—historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant provisions and basic structure.

2. Compare and contrast the major features of constitutions of India and Britain. (250 words)

Difficulty level: Easy

Reference: Insights on India

Why the question:

The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 2

Key Demand of the question:

To write about salient features of Indian constitution and the nature of federalism in India.

Compare and contrast – provide for a detailed comparison of the two types, their features that are similar as well as different. One must provide for detailed assessment of the two.

Structure of the answer:

Introduction: 

Begin by mentioning the legacy of British on the Indian constitution

Body:

In the first part, write about the major differences between Indian and British constitution. Written constitution, Nature of federation, Citizenship, Sovereign power, Judicial review etc.

Next, write about similarities between Indian and British constitution – Rule of Law, Independence of Judiciary, Parliamentary system etc,

Conclusion:

Conclude by summarising the major observations.

Topic: Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure,

3. Though the Constitution gives the Centre control over three subjects — land, public order, and police However, the Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi Act reorganised the powers and responsibilities of the Delhi Legislative Assembly and the Lieutenant-Governor (L-G), in favour of the latter. Critically analyse. (250 words)

Difficulty level: Moderate

Reference: The Hindu

Why the question:

The turf battle between the Lieutenant-Governor (L-G) appointed by the Centre and the elected government of Delhi has a long and noisy history. The recently appointed L-G, Vinai Kumar Saxena, has, through his disruptive enthusiasm to meddle in the day-to-day governance in Delhi, set the cat among the pigeons.

Key Demand of the question:

To critically examine the changes introduced by the GNCTD Amendment Act, 2021.

Directive word: 

Critically analyze – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary. When ‘critically’ is suffixed or prefixed to a directive, one needs to look at the good and bad of the topic and give a balanced judgment on the topic.

Structure of the answer:

Introduction: 

Begin by explaining the GNCTD Amendment Act, 2021 and the changes in introduced.

Body:

First, give a context of struggle between UT of Delhi and central government over the ears.

Next, examine the various changes – equates government with lieutenant governor, skews power against the elected government, day to day affairs will be affected, against the SC judgement in Union territory of Delhi vs Union of India case, 2018.

Suggest ways to ensure cooperation and coordination over conflict.

Conclusion:

Conclude with a way forward.

Topic: Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure,

4. Critically examine the performance of Jal Jeevan Mission in providing access to safe and adequate drinking water. (250 words)

Difficulty level: Tough

Reference: Indian Express

Why the question:

Water contamination deaths are a major concern even as the Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM) is underway across India from August 2019. Three people died in Raichur in North Karnataka of water contamination over the past week and at least 70 took ill.

Key Demand of the question:

To critically examine the performance of Jal Jeevan Mission.

Directive word: 

Critically examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we have to look into the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications. When ‘critically’ is suffixed or prefixed to a directive, one needs to look at the good and bad of the topic and give a fair judgment.

Structure of the answer:

Introduction: 

Begin by writing about the aims and objectives of Jal Jeevan Mission.

Body:

First, write about the various achievements of Jal Jeevan Mission. Substantiate with facts and figures.

Next, write about the various shortcomings of Jal Jeevan Mission in ensuring availability of safe drinking water.

Next, suggest ways to overcome the limitations.

Conclusion:

Conclude with a way forward.

General Studies – 3

Topic: Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth, development and employment.

5. Does a ban on agricultural exports help in reducing inflation and achieving food security? State your opinion in light of the recent ban on wheat exports and restrictions on sugar exports. (250 words)

Difficulty level: Moderate

Reference: The Hindu

Why the question:

Over the last month, the government has banned the export of wheat and imposed quantitative restrictions on outbound sugar shipments.

Key Demand of the question:

To write about the implications of ban on certain agricultural exports by the government.

Directive word: 

Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.

Structure of the answer:

Introduction: 

Begin by giving context.

Body:

In the first part, bring out the factors as to why the ban was announced.

Next, write about the implications of the ban – on food security, on farmers, wheat prices, exports, procurement etc.

Conclusion:

Conclude with a balanced opinion on the wheat export ban by India.

Topic: Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment

6. Evaluate India’s response to the climate change crisis. Has India has prioritised economic growth over environmental sustainability? (250 words)

Difficulty level: Tough

Reference: Financial Express

Why the question:

The latest Environmental Performance Index (EPI), brought out by Yale University and Columbia University, has sought to paint India as a climate villain. India is now ranked last in a list of 180 countries compared to 168th in 2020, having prioritised, per the report, “economic growth over environmental sustainability”.

Key Demand of the question:

To write about India’s response to climate crisis and to form an opinion on the nature of response.

Evaluate – When you are asked to evaluate, you have to pass a sound judgement about the truth of the given statement in the question or the topic based on evidence.  You must appraise the worth of the statement in question. There is scope for forming an opinion here.

Structure of the answer:

Introduction: 

Begin by defining climate change.

Body:

Write about the various impacts of climate change on various regions – water cycle, rainfall patterns, Coastal areas, extreme sea level events, melting of glaciers and ice sheets, Changes to the ocean, marine heatwaves, ocean acidification, and reduced oxygen levels etc. Cite statistic to substantiate your points.

Next, write about the steps taken by India to combat climate change. Evaluate its successes and limitations.

Next, write about the how India is trying to balance economic growth as well as environmental sustainability.

Conclusion:

Conclude with a balanced opinion.

General Studies – 4

Topic: Case study.

7. You are the Sarpanch of a Panchayat. There is a primary school run by the government in your area. Midday meals are provided to children attending the school. The headmaster has now appointed a new cook in the school to prepare the meals. However, when it is found that cook is from Dalit community, almost half of the children belonging to higher castes are not allowed to take meals by their parents. Consequently the attendance in the schools falls sharply. This could result in the possibility of discontinuation of midday meal scheme, thereafter of teaching staff and subsequent closing down the school. (250 Words) (UPSC 2015)

(a) Discuss some feasible strategies to overcome the conflict and to create right ambiance.

(b) What should be the responsibilities of different social segments and agencies to create positive social ambiance for accepting such changes?

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Why the question:

The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4.

Structure of the answer:

Introduction:

Begin by giving context and enumerate the stakeholders.

Body:

First, write about few strategies you can take as the Sarpanch to overcome this issue and create harmony.

Next, write about responsibilities of various stakeholders to create social solidarity.

Conclusion:

Give a concise summation of your views to conclude the answer.

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