[Mission 2022] Insta– QUED ( Questions from Editorials ) 8 June 2022

Solution: c)

The disagreements between India and Nepal over the border dispute is over the regions which includes Kalapani, Lipulekh, Limpiyadhura (all three in Uttarakhand) and Susta (Bihar).

Solution: b)

Solution: d)

Corbevax – Protein Subunit Vaccine:

• Instead of the whole virus, it uses fragments of it to trigger an immune response.
• In this case, the subunit vaccine contains a harmless Spike (S) protein.
• The S protein plays a crucial role in penetrating host cells and initiating infection.
• Once the immune system recognises the protein, it produces antibodies to fight a real infection when it happens.

COVAXIN:

• It is India’s indigenous Covid-19 vaccine.
• It was developed by Bharat Biotech in collaboration with the Indian Council of Medical Research’s National Institute of Virology, Pune
• It is an inactivated vaccinewhich is developed by killing the live microorganisms that cause the disease.
• This destroys the ability of the pathogen to replicate, but keeps it intact so that the immune system can still recognise it and produce an immune response.
• It targets more than just the spike protein.
• It also develops an immune response to the nucleocapsid protein.

Covavax – Recombinant Nanoparticle Vaccine:

• Manufactured by Serum Institute of India (SII).
• It is a protein subunit vaccine, but uses Recombinant Nanoparticle Technology (RNT). It has been developed by US-based Novavax.
• This technology teaches the body how to develop immunity against the virus using spike protein.
• Copies of the spike protein are grown in insect cells; the protein is then extracted and assembled into virus-like nanoparticles.
• The same technology is used in HPV and the Hepatitis B

Solution: b)

How can MSP be made legally binding?

There are two ways it can be done.

The first is to force private buyers to pay it. In this case, no crop can be purchased below the MSP, which would also act as the floor price for bidding in mandi auctions.

The second route is, of course, the government itself buying the entire crop that farmers offer at the MSP.

Commercial crops like cotton, copra and raw jute are covered under MSP.

Solution: d)

• Bioterrorism agents are pathogenic organisms or biological toxins that are used to produce death and disease in humans, animals, or plants.
• Bioterrorist attacks could be caused by virtually any pathogenic microorganism.
• The bioterrorist agents with highest priority are the causes of anthrax (Bacillus anthracis),botulism (Clostridium botulinum), plague (Yersinia pestis), smallpox (variola major), tularaemia (Francisella tularensis) and viral haemorrhagic fevers (filoviruses and arena viruses).