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General Studies – 1
Topic: Salient features of world’s physical geography.
Difficulty level: Easy
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 1.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about how we can understand the interior of earth by using Seismic waves.
Directive word:
Explain – Clarify the topic by giving a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by mentioning that the structure of Earth’s deep interior cannot be studied directly but geologists use seismic (earthquake) waves to understand the interior structure of earth.
Body:
First, define what are seismic waves and their types.
Explain, how the difference in their properties helps us to understand the earth’s interior. Also, draw a neat labelled diagram for better presentation of your answer.
Conclusion:
Mention the significance of understanding the interior of the earth.
Topic: Social empowerment, communalism, regionalism & secularism.
Difficulty level: Tough
Reference: Indian Express , The Hindu
Why the question:
The Government’s decision to take a stern view of hate speech targeting religious beliefs, to distance itself from comments made by two spokespersons of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), and to assert India’s traditional values of tolerance and respect for all religions is both welcome and reassuring for those within the country increasingly concerned about the increase in such speech.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about hate speech, its impact on the society and steps needed to curb it
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by defining hate speech.
Body:
First, in detail write about the impact of hate speech on society – affects human rights and the rule of law. If left unaddressed, it can lead to acts of violence and conflict on a wider scale etc.
Next, write in detail about various legal and constitutional measures that have been provided for curbing hate speech. Also, mention measures needed to curb hate speech.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
General Studies – 2
Topic: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
Petitioners in the Delhi High Court questioned why marital status, age, or gender were the criteria for being allowed to commission or not commission surrogacy in India.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the various issues in the regulation of surrogacy and measures to rectify it.
Directive word:
Critically analyze – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary. When ‘critically’ is suffixed or prefixed to a directive, one needs to look at the good and bad of the topic and give a balanced judgment on the topic.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by mentioning the objectives of surrogacy act and recent changes proposed to it.
Body:
First, write about the various issues in the act – strident approval from infertility experts, restrictive regulations, it does not allow single women, or men, or gay couples to go in for surrogacy etc. write about the impact on the above.
Next, write about the corrective steps that are needed to rectify the same.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
Topic: India and its neighborhood- relations.
Difficulty level: Tough
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
June 6 marked the completion of 25 years since the 1997 Bangkok Declaration launched a modest grouping (of Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka and Thailand), with the acronym, BIST-EC. Three countries (Nepal, Bhutan and Myanmar) joined it later to make it the Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC).
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the role BIMSTEC can play in the changing geopolitics and if it can be an alternative to SAARC.
Directive word:
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by mentioning the mandate behind the launch of BIMSTEC.
Body:
First, write the role BIMSTEC can play in the changing geopolitics – BIMSTEC allows the confluence of its Act East and the Neighbourhood Policies, development of ‘Blue Economy’, collaboration on security and communication etc.
Next, give context regarding SAARC and examine if BIMSTEC can be a suitable alternative.
Conclusion:
Conclude writing a balanced opinion.
General Studies – 3
Topic: Major crops-cropping patterns in various parts of the country, – different types of irrigation and irrigation systems storage, transport and marketing of agricultural produce and issues and related constraints; e-technology in the aid of farmers.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Hindustan Times
Why the question:
According to Food and Agriculture Organization experts, agricultural value chains use 12.5 million tonnes of plastic products each year. Crop production and livestock combined accounted for 10.2 million tonnes (Mt) per year of plastics, followed by fisheries and aquaculture with 2.1 million tonnes and forests with 0.2 million tonnes.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about Plasticulture, its pros and cons.
Directive word:
Critically comment – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary. When ‘comment’ is prefixed, we must express our knowledge and understanding of the issue and form an overall opinion thereupon.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by defining plasticulture and its objectives.
Body:
First, write about the various components of plasticulture
Next, write about the benefits of plasticulture in agriculture and substantiate with facts and examples.
Next, write about the limitations of plasticulture. Also, write about ways to reduce the limitations associated with it.
Conclusion:
Conclude by commenting a balanced opinion of plasticulture.
Topic: Effects of liberalization on the economy, changes in industrial policy and their effects on industrial growth.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: ibef.org
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 1.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the strengths and weaknesses in the pharmaceutical industry and to suggest adequate measures to address the issues.
Directive word:
Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by highlighting the extent of pharmaceutical industry in India.
Body:
First, mention the potential of pharma industry – India is the largest provider of generic drugs globally. Indian pharmaceutical sector supplies over 50% of global demand for various vaccines, 40% of generic demand in the US and 25% of all medicine in the UK. Globally, India ranks 3rd in terms of pharmaceutical production by volume and 14th by value.
Next, write about the limitations.
Next, give a point by point analysis of major areas of reforms needed such as revising the age old The New Drugs, Cosmetics and Medical Devices Act, need to bring in a regulatory structure in the context of e pharmacy and teleconsultations, better clarity in the issue of Licenses as per Drugs and Cosmetics Act (DCA) of 1940 etc.
Conclusion:
Conclude by saying that India should focus on a comprehensive, clear and concise regulatory structure meeting the needs of the new age pharmaceutical industry.
General Studies – 4
Topic: ethical issues in international relations and funding;
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude by Lexicon Publications.
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4 and part of ‘Conceptual Tuesdays’ in Mission-2022 Secure.
Key Demand of the question:
To write international morality and its nature.
Directive:
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start by defining international morality.
Body:
Start by explaining what is International ethics – moral principles, customary International Law, Human rights, Cooperation, Non-aggression etc. Cite examples to substantiate your points.
Next, write about if its just theoretical concept or it is applied in practise as well.
Conclusion:
Conclude by giving a balanced opinion on international morality.
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