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General Studies – 1
Topic: Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant events, personalities, issues;
Difficulty: Easy
Reference: A Brief History of Modern India by Spectrum Publishers
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 1.
Key Demand of the question:
To bring out the major differences between Permanent settlement and Mahalwari settlement and to write about the overall impact of Permanent, Ryotwari and Mahawlari settlement on Indian agriculture.
Directive:
Compare and contrast – provide for a detailed comparison of the two types, their features that are similar as well as different. One must provide for detailed assessment of the two.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by briefly writing about the nature of the two settlements.
Body:
In detail, bring out the differences between both the settlement systems – context of introduction, areas of introduction, fixation of Land revenue, collection of revenue and revision of land revenue etc.
Next, write about the overall impact these Land Revenue systems on Indian agriculture – Commercialization of Agriculture, Fragmentation of Lands, Absentee Landlordism, indebtedness of peasants and depressing effect upon the rural economy etc.
Conclusion:
Write about how these impacts led to mobilization of peasants and over a period of time, the peasant issues became a part of mainstream national movement.
Topic: Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.
Difficulty: Tough
Reference: Indian Express
Why the question:
On Thursday, the Supreme Court reserved its orders on petitions against excavation and construction work by the Odisha government along the Puri Jagannath temple as part of the Puri Heritage Corridor Project.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the dichotomy about promoting tourism and monument preservation and the role of heritage impact assessment in the above.
Directive:
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
In brief, write about the dichotomy between about promoting tourism and monument preservation.
Body:
In first part, write about how both are importance from heritage and economy and livelihood point of view.
In the next part, write about how heritage impact assessment can play a role in overcoming the above dichotomy.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward.
General Studies – 2
Topic: Important aspects of governance, transparency and accountability, e-governance applications, models, successes, limitations, and potential; citizens charters, transparency & accountability and institutional and other measures.
Difficulty: Moderate
Reference: Live Mint
Why the question:
After having lobbied policymakers for years since 2014 on how they could deploy corporate social responsibility (CSR) funds, Indian companies ran into some essential amendments made in 2021.
Key Demand of the question:
To wrote about the issues with CSR and steps needed to make it more effective.
Directive:
Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by defining CSR and its evolution in India.
Body:
First, write about the various aims and objectives behind CSR in India.
In the next part, write about the various issues in CSR – lack of community participation in CSR activities, need to build local capacities, issues of transparency and non-availability of clear CSR guidelines.
Next, write about the various measures that are needed to make CSR more effective.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward.
Topic: India and its neighbourhood- relations.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Indian Express
Why the question:
Even a cursory look at the situation in Myanmar, post the February 1, 2021, military takeover, conjures up a picture of a country that is spiralling downwards. There are reliable reports of the strengthening of the People’s Defence Force, with the support of various ethnic militias. There is no sign of the restoration of normalcy as witnessed by one of the authors during a recent tour of the India-Myanmar border.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the importance of Myanmar to India’s act east policy and steps needed put Myanmar back on a democratic path.
Directive word:
Critically examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we have to look into the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications. When ‘critically’ is suffixed or prefixed to a directive, one needs to look at the good and bad of the topic and give a fair judgment.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin giving context regarding Indo-Myanmar relations.
Body:
In the first part, mention about the importance of Myanmar to India’s Act East Policy.
Next, write the various options to ensure the return of democracy in Myanmar. Using U.N and ASEAN, Bilateral diplomacy etc.
Next, write about the other measures of outreach that must be explored by India for a successful Act east policy.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward.
General Studies – 3
Topic: issues of buffer stocks and food security;
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 3.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the impact of climate change on Indian agriculture and suggest steps to adapt to it.
Directive word:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin the answer by context.
Body:
Mention the way in which climate change in impacting agriculture. Reduced yields, encouraging weed and pest proliferation. Changes in precipitation patterns, crop failures and long-run production declines etc. Cite statistics to substantiate your points.
Write about the measures that are needed to mitigate its impact.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward.
Topic: Various Security forces and agencies and their mandate.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: The Week
Why the question:
Days after the Quad meeting in Tokyo, India has decided to participate in the world’s biggest maritime exercise ‘Rim of the Pacific’ or RIMPAC, hosted by the US. Leaders of India, Japan, Austalia and the US met last month to keep China on check as the Chinese military is expanding its footprints in the Indo-pacific region.
Key Demand of the question:
To understand the role of military exercises.
Directive word:
Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.
Introduction:
Begin by describing India’s geographic location and the corresponding potential and the need for military exercises.
Body:
First give a few instances of few military exercises with friendly nations in the recent past such as Malabar exercise, Yudh Abhyas etc.
Next, stress on the potential outcomes of such exercises such as for Naval exercises, it would improve the operational turnaround and improve logistics of the armed forces in the region and also improve Maritime Domain Awareness.
Next mention that the benefit ranges from inter-operability to demonstration of capabilities, developing trust, comradery and familiarity between militaries.
Conclusion:
Conclude by mentioning that such exercises are a key to confidence building measure (CBM) and an indication of the faith reposed by India on another nation or a group of member nations.
General Studies – 4
Topic: Case Study
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4 and part of ‘Case Study Fridays’ in Mission-2022 Secure.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
In brief, mention the facts of the case and the major ethical issues involved along with the stakeholders.
Body:
Write in detail about the course of action that you will take to address the problem.
Next, write about ways in which VIP culture can be ended.
Conclusion:
Stress on the importance of change to end VIP culture.
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