DAY – 72 (InstaTest-72) : Insta 75 Days Revision Plan-2022: Topic – Art & Culture Full Syllabus (Third Revision), PREVIOUS YEAR UPSC PAPER 2020, May 2022 CA

Solution: C

The Crafts Council of India or CCI is a non-profit organisation that promotes activities to preserve and develop handicraft industry in India. Kamala Devi Chattopadhyay who wanted to help the craft persons to get regular work and recognition for their craft, established the CCI in 1976. Although their headquarter is located in Chennai, they have over ten State Councils that are affiliated to the parent organisation. They achieved a global platform after being affiliated to the World Crafts Council.

Their main objective is to safeguard the interests of crafts personnel and to preserve craft traditions. Over the years they have established a series of shops that display the arts and crafts patronised by the Crafts Council. This shop has been named ‘Kamala’ after the founder of the CCI.

Solution: C

Telia Rumal is a method for the oil treatment of yarn. It originated from Chirala in Andhra Pradesh.

Kasuti is a traditional form of folk embroidery practised in the state of Karnataka, India.

Bhavani Jamakkalam refers to blankets and carpets manufactured in Bhavani in Erode district, Tamil Nadu. It has been recognized as a Geographical indication (accorded GI Tag) by the Government of India in 2005-06.

Solution: D

This school was also influenced by the European encounter in school mixed European techniques and themes with Indian ones. The Bazaar school did not take any Indian influence but took the Roman and Greek influence. They made the painters to copy the Greek and Roman statues.

This school was prevalent in the Bengal and Bihar region. Apart from the Greco-roman heritage, they made paintings on everyday bazaar that showed Indian bazaars with European background. They also painted religious themes but the figures of Indian Gods and Goddesses with more than two axes and elephant faces like that of Lord Ganesha were prohibited as they deviated from the European notion of natural human figurine.

Solution: D

The Surajkund Mela is unique as it showcases the richness and diversity of the handicrafts, handlooms and cultural fabric of India, and is the largest crafts fair in the world. It is celebrated in Surajkund, Faridabad district of Haryana.  The Mela is organized by the Surajkund Mela Authority & Haryana Tourism in collaboration with Union Ministries of Tourism, Textiles, Culture and External Affairs.

Pushkar Mela is an annual fair in Rajasthan starting on the day of ‘Kartik Poornima’ and lasts for about a week. It is one of the largest camel and cattle fairs in the world.

The Shamlaji Mela is held at Shamlaji situated in the Sabarkantha district, Gujarat. Among the Adivasis, the Bhil community has incredible faith in the powers of Shamlaji who they lovingly refer to as Kaliyo Dev (Dark Divinity). The fair is an important trade destination for people to buy silver ornaments, metalware, cloth and garments, along with many other annual household items. The temple of Shamlaji stands on the banks of the river Meshwo, in veneration of Lord Vishnu.

Solution: C

Hampi is a UNESCO world heritage site. It was a part of the Mauryan Empire back in the third century BC.

Hampi was the capital city during the four different dynasties altogether in the Vijayanagar city that came into existence in the year 1336 AD.

The Vijayanagara Empire reached unfathomable heights under the guidance of King Krishnadeva Raya of the Tuluva Dynasty.

Solution: A

The Saraswati Samman is an annual award for outstanding prose or poetry literary works in any of the 22 Indian languages listed in Schedule VIII of the Constitution of India.

Jnanpith award is given for outstanding literary achievement. It is given to those Indian citizens who compose literature in one of the 22 languages listed in the Schedule VIII of the Indian Constitution and English. This award is not given posthumously.

The Vyas Samman is a literary award in India, first awarded in 1991. It is awarded annually by the K. K. Birla Foundation. To be eligible for the award, the literary work must be in Hindi language and has been published in the past 10 years.

Solution: A

Theragatha/Therigatha, Buddhist lyrics, included in the Suttanipata (one of the earliest books of the Pali canon, appearing in the late Khuddaka Nikaya [“Short Collection”] of the Sutta Pitaka).

In the works 264 monks speak of their inner experiences and of nature, and some 100 nuns tell of their daily lives. The songs of the monks are said to have been composed when their authors experienced the bliss of enlightenment. Within the collection about 30 different meters can be distinguished, attesting to the prosodic variety of Buddhist lyrics.

Solution: A

Kariyila is one of the forms of open-air theatre that is popular in the foothills of Himachal Pradesh. Generally staged during village fairs and festivals, the performance occurs through the night and comprises of a series of small plays and skits.

Garodas is a popular art form of the ‘Garoda’ community of Gujarat. It uses painted pictures to narrate stories of romance and valour.

Oja-Pali is a unique narrative theatre form of Assam, primarily associated with the festival of Manasa or the serpent goddess. The narration is a prolonged affair, with three distinct parts – Baniya Khanda, Bhatiyali Khanda and Deva Khanda. Oja is the main narrator and Palis are the members of the chorus.

Solution: D

Mahendra Suri is the 14th century Jain astronomer who wrote the Yantraraja, the first Indian treatise on the astrolabe. He was a court astronomer of Emperor Firoz Shah, developed an astronomical instrument ‘Yantraja’

Nilakantha Somayaji was a major mathematician and astronomer of the Kerala School of astronomy and mathematics. One of his most influential works was the comprehensive astronomical treatise Tantrasamgraha completed in 1501. He had also composed an elaborate commentary on Aryabhatiya called the Aryabhatiya Bhasya. In this Bhasya, Nilakantha had discussed infinite series expansions of trigonometric functions and problems of algebra and spherical geometry.

Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh-II of Jaipur was a patron of Astronomy. He set up the five astronomical observatories in Delhi, Ujjain, Varansasi, Mathura and Jaipur.

Solution: C

Sufism is the mystical arm of Islam. Sufis represent the inner side of the Islam creed (tasawwuf).

It stresses on self realisation, tolerance, righteousness and universal love for all. The word finds its roots in Arabic word for wool (suf), indicative of the garments of rough wool worn by the ascetics and even the prophets. The word Sufism is sometimes also traced to root word safā which in Arabic means purity.

Characteristics

The Sufis tried to purify their inner self by rigid introspection and mental struggle so as to remove even the smallest sign of selfishness and attain ikhlās, absolute purity of intention and act.

The mystics realized that beyond the knowledge of outward sciences, intuitive knowledge was required in order to receive that illumination to which reason has no access. Dhawq, direct “tasting” of experience, was essential for them

Solution: A

Sheshashayana is the form of Vishnu where he is shown reclining on the sheshanaga called Ananta.

Nara-Narayan shows the discussion between the human soul and the eternal divine.

Gajendramoksha is the story of achieving moksha, symbolically communicated by Vishnu’s suppression of an asura who had taken the form of an elephant.

Solution: D

Bhaskaracharya is famous for his book Siddanta Shiromani. It is divided into four sections: Lilavati (Arithmetic), Beejaganit (Algebra), Goladhyaya (Sphere) and Grahaganit (mathematics of planets). Bhaskara introduced Chakrawat Method or the Cyclic Method to solve algebraic equations. This method was rediscovered six centuries later by European mathematicians, who called it inverse cycle. In the nineteenth century, an English man, James Taylor, translated Lilavati and made this great work known to the world.

In 7th century, Brahmgupta took mathematics to heights far beyond others. In his methods of multiplication, he used place value in almost the same way as it is used today. He introduced negative numbers and operations on zero into mathematics. He wrote Brahm Sputa Siddantika

Jain Guru Mahaviracharya wrote Ganit Sara Sangraha in 850A.D., which is the first textbook on arithmetic in present day form. The current method of solving Least common Multiple (LCM) of given numbers was also described by him.

Solution: B

The Sangeet Natak Academy was the first national academy set up for the Arts by the Government of India in 1952. The major focus of the academy was to create a set-up for music, drama and dances in India.

The academy functions as the apex body of the performing arts in the country to preserve and promote the vast cultural heritage of India expressed in music, dance and drama. It also works with governments and art academies in states and territories of the country.

SNA established several institutions over the years:

• Manipur Dance Academy, Imphal
• Sattriya Centre
• Kathak Kendra (National Institute of Kathak Dance), New Delhi in 1964
• Ravindra Rangshala

In addition, the Akademi

• Subsidizes the work of institutions engaged in teaching, performing or promoting music, dance, or theatre
• Gives grants to aid research, documentation and publishing in the performing arts
• Organises and subsidises seminars and conferences of subject specialists

Solution: B

Traditionally done by the women of villages around Madhubani town, it is also called Mithila paintings. The art extends to the adjoining parts of Terai region in Nepal. The paintings have a common theme and are usually drawn from religious motifs of the Hindus, including Krishna, Rama, Durga, Lakshmi and Shiva. The figures in the painting are symbolic, for example, fish depicts good luck and fertility.

The paintings are also made depicting auspicious occasions like birth, marriage and festivals. Flowers, trees, animals, etc. are used to fill any gaps in the painting. Traditionally, these were painted on walls using rice paste and vegetable colours on a base of cow dung and mud. With time, the base changed to handmade paper, clothes and canvas, still the natural colours were used. Since there is no shading, the paintings are two-dimensional.

Some of the common features of these paintings include double line border, bold use of colours, ornate floral patterns and exaggerated facial features.

Since the art has remained confined to a specific geographical area, it has been given GI (geographical indication) status.

Solution: C

Pampa, Ponna and Ranna are called the “three gems” of Kannada literature.

Pampa was considered as one of the greatest Kannada writers. He became famous for Adipurana (It is the life history of the first Jain thirtankara Rishabhadeva). His other classic Vikramarjuna Vijaya or Pampa Bharata, is the modified version of the Hindu epic the Mahabharata.

Ponna was patronised by King Krishna III and known for his description of the life of the 16th Jain tirthankara Shantinatha entitled Santipurana.

Ranna was court poet of Western Chalukya King Tailapa II. He was mainly known for Ajitha purana and Saahasabhima Vijaya (also known as Gadaayuddha.

Solution: A

Solution:

The Supreme Court (SC) has held that the case against two Italian marines will be closed only after the Republic of Italy deposits with it Rs. 10 crore as compensation to victims.

The Permanent Court of Arbitration is an intergovernmental organization dedicated to serve the international community in the field of dispute resolution and to facilitate arbitration and other forms of dispute resolution between States. In real terms it is not a court, it is an organizer of arbitral tribunals to resolve conflicts between member states, international organizations, or private parties. All decisions delivered by it are called “awards”.

Awards are binding on all the parties in the dispute and have to be carried out without delay. The parties cannot appeal against them.

Established in 1899 to facilitate arbitration and other forms of dispute resolution between states.

Solution: B

Solution:

Neutrinos are the smallest particles currently known and about a thousand trillion of them pass through a human body every second. Nearly massless subatomic particles, they are the second most abundant particles after photons (particles of light)

They can be detected in water or ice as they leave a flash of light or a line of bubbles when they interact. To capture these signs, large detectors and GVD have been designed to detect high-energy neutrinos that may have come from the Earth’s core, or could have been produced during nuclear reactions in the sun.

The neutrino is perhaps the best-named particle in the Standard Model of Particle Physics: it is tiny, neutral, and weighs so little that no one has been able to measure its mass. Neutrinos are the most abundant particles that have mass in the universe. Every time atomic nuclei come together (like in the sun) or break apart (like in a nuclear reactor), they produce neutrinos. Even a banana emits neutrinos—they come from the natural radioactivity of the potassium in the fruit.

Solution 😀

Solution

• Released by IQAir, a Swiss group that measures air quality levels based on the concentration of Particulate Matter (PM) 2.5.
• Bangladesh was the most polluted country in the world in 2021

Solution: D

Solution:

• All of them were signed.
• India and the United States signed the landmark defence pact, Basic Exchange and Cooperation Agreement (BECA) during the third round of 2 + 2 India-US ministerial dialogue.
• BECA is the final of the four foundational agreements that the US signs with close partners

Solution: D

Solution:

• Permafrost is any ground that remains completely frozen—32°F (0°C) or colder—for at least two years straight. These permanently frozen grounds are most common in regions with high mountains and in Earth’s higher latitudes—near the North and South Poles. Permafrost is made of a combination of soil, rocks and sand that are held together by ice. The soil and ice in permafrost stay frozen all year long.
• Permafrost contains large amounts of biomass and decomposed biomass that has been stored as methane and carbon dioxide, making tundra soil a carbon sink

Solution: A

Solution: Coal Ash includes lead, mercury, cadmium, chromium, arsenic, and selenium, etc.India’s domestic coal reserves have a have high ash content. Top 5 States in terms of total coal reserves in India are: Jharkhand > Odisha > Chhattisgarh > West Bengal > Madhya Pradesh. 

Solution: D

Solution: It is Best quality & hard coal. Anthracite coal Ignites slowly &  less loss of heat. Anthracite coal has blue flame, Blue flame with little or no pollutants.It is found only in Jammu and Kashmir and in small quantity only.

Solution: B

Solution: Coking coal contains high carbon content and has less moisture, less sulphur, and less ash content. Coking coal forms coke when heated in the absence of air. It is used in the iron and steel industry to make pig iron.

Solution: A

Solution: 

Solution: C

Answer B

Solution:-

We have, [1/(1 ´4)] +[1/(4´ 7)]+[1/(7´ 10)]+……+[1/(16 ´ 19)]

Then nth term of 1.4.7,……is (3n-2) and of 4,7,10…….is(3n+1)

Hence, [1/(1 ´4)] +[1/(4´ 7)]+[1/(7´ 10)]+……+[1/(16 ´ 19)]

= =

=1/3[(1/1-1/4)+(1/4-1/7)+….+(1/16-1/9)]

=1/3(1-1/9)=1/3  ´   18/19 = 6/19

Answer: D

Solutions:-   Number of girls – 2000 x 36 = 720

100

and number of boys = 2000 – 720 = 1280

Now, each girl’s fee = 480 x 75/100 = Rs 360

Total monthly fees =(1280 x 480 + 720 x 360)

= Rs (614400 + 259200)

= Rs 873600

Answer: D

Solutions:- According to the given information , we can conclude that Ratna scored more than Padma , Padma scored more than Rama and Rama scored more than Rani .

Ratna > Padma > Rama > Rani

Hence, Ratna scored the highest

Answer: A

Solution:  Given that, T₁ = 9h and T₂ = 4h

According to the formula ,

(1st train’s speed ):  (2nd train’s speed )

=  SQ RT(4 ): SQRT(9)

=  2 : 3

Answer: d

Solution:- We have, (234)¹⁰⁰+ (234)¹⁰¹ (234)00(1+ 234) = 235(234)¹⁰⁰

We know that square of any number having 4 at unit place is a number in which 6 at unit place. Any exponent of a number 6 at unit place is always 6 is at unit place.

Because (235)(…..6)=…30

Resulting number have 0 at unit place.