DAY – 67 (InstaTest-67): Insta 75 Days Revision Plan-2022: Topic – MODERN INDIA, PREVIOUS YEAR UPSC PAPER 2014, February 2022 CA

Solution: D

The difference between terrestrial and jovian planets can be attributed to the following conditions:

(i) The terrestrial planets were formed in the close vicinity of the parent star where it was too warm for gases to condense to solid particles. Jovian planets were formed at quite a distant location.

(ii) The solar wind was most intense nearer the sun; so, it blew off lots of gas and dust from the terrestrial planets. The solar winds were not all that intense to cause similar removal of gases from the Jovian planets.

(iii) The terrestrial planets are smaller and their lower gravity could not hold the escaping gases.

Solution: C

Latitude is a measurement on a globe or map of location north or south of the Equator. Technically, there are different kinds of latitude—geocentric, astronomical, and geographic (or geodetic)—but there are only minor differences between them. In most common references, geocentric latitude is implied. Given in degrees, minutes, and seconds, geocentric latitude is the arc subtended by an angle at Earth’s centre and measured in a north-south plane poleward from the Equator. Thus, a point at 30°15′20″ N subtends an angle of 30°15′20″at the centre of the globe.

• Latitude is the angular distance of a point on the earth’s surface, measured in degrees from the center of the earth.
• As the earth is slightly flattened at the poles, the linear distance of a degree of latitude at the pole is a little longer than that at the equator.
• For example at the equator (0°) it is 68.704 miles, at 45° it is 69.054 miles and at the poles it is 69.407 miles. The average is taken as 69 miles (111km).

Solution: C

Acidic Lava

• These lavas are highly viscous with a high melting point.
• They are light-coloured, of low density, and have a high percentage of silica.
• They flow slowly and seldom travel far before solidifying.
• The resultant volcanic cone is therefore stratified (hence the name stratovolcano) and steep-sided.
• The rapid solidifying of lava in the vent obstructs the flow of the out-pouring lava, resulting in loud explosions, throwing out many volcanic bombs or pyroclasts.

Basic or Basaltic lava

• These are the hottest lavas, about 1,000 °C and are highly fluid.
• They are dark coloured basalt, rich in iron and magnesium but poor in silica.
• They flow out of volcanic vent quietly and are not very explosive.
• Due to their high fluidity, they flow readily with a speed of 10 to 30 miles per hour.
• They affect extensive areas, spreading out as thin sheets over great distances before they solidify.
• The resultant volcano is gently sloping with a wide diameter and forms a flattened shield or dome.
• Shield type lava flow is common along the constructive boundaries (divergent boundary).

Solution: C

An igloo, also known as a snow house or snow hut, is a type of shelter built of snow, typically built when the snow is suitable. Although igloos are often associated with all Inuit and Eskimo peoples, they were traditionally used only by the people of Canada’s Central Arctic and Greenland’s Thule area.

Solution: A

Circular villages develop around lakes, tanks and sometimes the village is planned in such a way that the central part remains open and is used for keeping the animals to protect them from wild animals

Solution: C

Oyashio, also known as Oya Siwo, Okhotsk or the Kurile current, is a cold subarctic ocean current that flows south and circulates counterclockwise in the western North Pacific Ocean.

The Benguela Current is the broad, northward flowing ocean current that forms the eastern portion of the South Atlantic Ocean gyre.

The Humboldt Current, also called the Peru Current, is a cold, low-salinity ocean current that flows north along the western coast of South America. It is an eastern boundary current flowing in the direction of the equator, and extends 500–1,000 km offshore.

Solution: A

Inland Ports are located away from the sea coast. They are linked to the sea through a river or a canal. Such ports are accessible to flat bottom ships or barges. For example, Manchester is linked with a canal; Memphis is located on the river Mississippi; Rhine has several ports like Mannheim and Duisburg; and Kolkata is located on the river Hoogli, a branch of the river Ganga.

Solution: D

The Pampas are fertile South American lowlands that cover more than 1,200,000 square kilometres (460,000 sq mi) and include the Argentine provinces of Buenos Aires, La Pampa, Santa Fe, Entre Ríos, and Córdoba; all of Uruguay; and Brazil’s southernmost state, Rio Grande do Sul.

The Great Artesian Basin, located in Australia, is the largest and deepest artesian basin in the world, stretching over 1,700,000 square kilometres, with measured water temperatures ranging from 30–100 °C.

The Atlas Mountains extend some 2,500km across northwestern Africa, spanning Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia, separating the Atlantic and Mediterranean coastline from the Sahara Desert. Actually a series of ranges with diverse terrain, climates and wildlife, the Atlas are dotted with Berber villages and riven with canyons and ravines.

Solution: C

The Lorenz curve is a graphical representation of income inequality or wealth inequality developed by American economist Max Lorenz in 1905. The graph plots percentiles of the population on the horizontal axis according to income or wealth.

Solution: C

The western coastal plains are an example of submerged coastal plain. The western coastal plains are narrow in the middle and get broader towards north and south. The rivers flowing through this coastal

plain do not form any delta.

The Malabar coast has got certain distinguishing features in the form of ‘Kayals’ (backwaters), which are used for fishing, inland navigation and also due to its special attraction for tourists.

Every year the famous Nehru Trophy Vallamkali (boat race) is held in Punnamada Kayal in Kerala.

As compared to the western coastal plain, the eastern coastal plain is broader and is an example of an emergent coast. There are well developed deltas here, formed by the rivers flowing eastward in to the Bay of Bengal.

Solution: D

Solution: D

The Yamuna, the western most and the longest tributary of the Ganga, has its source in the Yamunotri glacier on the western slopes of Banderpunch range (6,316 km). It joins the Ganga at Prayag (Allahabad).

It is joined by the Chambal, the Sind, the Betwa and the Ken on its right bank which originates from the Peninsular plateau while the Hindan, the Rind, the Sengar, the Varuna, etc. join it on its left bank. Much of its water feeds the western and eastern Yamuna and the Agra canals for irrigation purposes.

Solution: C

Baitarni and Penner are east flowing rivers. Hence, statement 1 and 2 incorrect.

Solution: C

Solution: A

Answer B

A close reading of the passage suggests that the central theme is the importance of having an ultimate purpose. Hence B

Answer C

When a three digit number is reversed, the digit in ten’s place will remain the same Also, the difference between the original number and the reversed number is always divisible by 99. And the difference between the first digit and the last digit is (The difference between numbers)/99.

The difference between the first digit and the last digit = 495/99 = 5.

When the difference between the first digit and the last digit is 5, the numbers can be

(1, 6), (2, 7), (3, 8) or (4, 9).

Here, (1, 6) will give us the minimum possible sum.

To get the minimum possible sum of the digits, the digit in ten’s place has to be zero.

Hence, the desired number can be 106 or 601.

Thus, the sum of the digits is 7.

Answer C

By the given data, total population of city B = (24/100) * 8.5 lakh = 2,04,000.

The adult population of City B = (65/100) * 2,04,000 = 1,32,600.

The adult male population of City B = (8/13) * 1,32,600 = 81,600.

The adult female population of City B = (5/13) * 1,32,600 = 51,000.

Therefore, the adult male population of City B is 160 % ((81600/51000) *100) of its adult female population.

Thus, the adult male population of City B is 60 % more than its adult female population.

Hence, option (c) is correct.

Answer C

Time taken by A, B and C is x, 2x, and 3x

3x = 12, x = 4

Time taken by B to complete a work = 8 hr

So part of work in 1 hr = 1/8

Answer B

Males = 55/100 * 1,20,000 = 50/100 of 1,20,000 + 5/100 of 1,20,000 = 60,000 + 6000 =

66,000 Male voters = 48/100 * 66,000 = 50% of 66,000 – 2% of 66,000 = 33,000 – 1320 = 31680.

Females = 1,20,000 – 66,000 = 54,000

Female voters = 60/100 * 54,000 = 32400

Total voters = 31680 + 32400 = 64,080

Solution: A

Solution:

• To meet the Civil Aviation requirements, ISRO is working jointly with Airport Authority of India (AAI) in establishing the GPS Aided Geo Augmented Navigation (GAGAN) system.
• To meet the user requirements of the positioning, navigation and timing services based on the indigenous system, ISRO is establishing a regional satellite navigation system called Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS).
• ISRO has built a total of nine satellites in the IRNSS series; of which eight are currently in orbit, Three of these satellites are in geostationary orbit (GEO) while the remaining in geosynchronous orbits (GSO) that maintain an inclination of 29° to the equatorial plane.

Solution: A
Solution:
Human exposure to benzene has been associated with a range of acute and long-term adverse health effects and diseases, including cancer and haematological effects. Exposure can occur occupationally, in the general environment and in the home as a result of the ubiquitous use of benzene-containing petroleum products, including motor fuels and solvents.
Active and passive exposure to tobacco smoke is also a significant source of exposure.
Benzene is highly volatile and exposure occurs mostly through inhalation. Interventions to reduce both work and general population exposure include promoting the use of alternative solvents in industrial processes, developing and implementing policies and legislation to remove benzene from consumer products, discouraging domestic use of benzene-containing products, promoting building codes requiring detached garages, and implementing the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, including providing for protection from exposure to tobacco smoke in workplaces and public areas.

Solution: D
Solution:
Dioxins and dioxin-like substances, including PCBs, are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) covered by the Stockholm Convention. They can travel long distances from the source of emission, and bioaccumulate in food chains.

Human exposure to dioxins and dioxin-like substances has been associated with a range of toxic effects, including chloracne; reproductive, developmental and neurodevelopmental effects; immunotoxicity; and effects on thyroid hormones, liver and tooth development. They are also carcinogenic. Developmental effects in males are the most sensitive toxic end-point, making children – particularly breastfed infants – the population most at risk.

Solution: D
Solution:
Cadmium exerts toxic effects on the kidneys as well as the skeletal and respiratory systems. It is classified as a human carcinogen. It is generally present in the environment at low levels; however, human activity has greatly increased levels in environmental media relevant to population exposure. Exposures potentially of particular concern for children include disposal and recycling of electronic and electrical waste, as well as toys, jewellery and plastics containing cadmium.

Cadmium can travel long distances from the source of emission by atmospheric transfer. It is readily accumulated in many organisms, notably mollusks and crustaceans. Lower concentrations are found in vegetables, cereals and starchy roots. Human exposure occurs mainly from consumption of contaminated food, active and passive inhalation of tobacco smoke, and inhalation by workers in a range of industries.

Solution: B
Solution:

The SPYDER (Surface-to-air PYthon and DERby) is an advanced ground based anti-aircraft missile system developed by Rafael that uses surface-to-air versions of the Python-5 and Derby missiles.

Answer D

What is biofortification?

It is the process of increasing nutritional value of food crops by increasing the density of vitamins and minerals in a crop through either conventional plant breeding; agronomic practices or biotechnology.

Basically, biofortification is the process of growing crops to increase nutrition value from the seed on.

It is different from food fortification which involves improving the nutritional content of food crops during the processing stage.

Answer C

The International Institute of Information Technology (IIIT) in Hyderabad has built the first-ever Indian brain atlas.

The researchers in IIIT have also revealed that the Indian brain is smaller compared to others.

It is smaller in height, width, and volume compared to the western and eastern populations.

Answer B

It was set up as registered society under the Societies Registration Act of 1890 in 2005

Answer C

About Atal Jai Anusandhan Biotech Mission 

• Implemented by Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Ministry of Science and Technology.
• Union Minister announced Atal Jai Anusandhan Biotech Mission – Undertaking Nationally Relevant Technology Innovation (UNaTI), which is expected to transform Health, Agriculture and Energy sectors during the next 5 years. 

This mission includes – 

• GARBH-ini – A Mission to promote Maternal and Child Health and develop prediction tools for pre-term birth, 
• IndCEPI – A Mission to develop affordable vaccines for endemic diseases, Development of Biofortified and Protein Rich wheat – contributing to POSHAN Abhiyan, 
• Mission on Antimicrobial Resistance for Affordable Diagnostics and Therapeutics 
• Clean Energy Mission – Innovative Technology interventions for Swachh Bharat.

Answer C

It has twin objectives:

Conservation measures through in situ habitat preservation, and species protection.

Ex situ conservation (captive breeding in controlled environment to restock original wild populations).

It is a part of CCMB (centre for cellular and molecular biology).