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General Studies – 1
Topic: Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant events, personalities, issues.
Difficulty level: Easy
Reference: Chapter 1- India’s Struggle for Independence by Bipan Chandra.
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 1.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the causes for the failure of revolt of 1857 and impact created by the revolt of 1857.
Directive word:
Elaborate – Give a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start by briefly mentioning how the 1857 uprising was successfully quelled by the British.
Body:
First, write about the various causes for the defeat of the rebels.
Next, Mention the various re-alignment policies in administration such a British crown taking over control from EIC, Military strengthening, Transfer of Power, Divide and Rule, New Policy Towards the Princess, Search for New allies etc brought by the British as a way to avoid any such future uprising.
Conclusion:
Conclude by mentioning that although the British succeeded in overpowering the Uprising, it proved to be the beginning of resistance from the people of India.
Topic: Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc.,
2. What are twin cyclones? Explain the mechanism behind their formation. (250 words)
Difficulty level: Tough
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
Recent satellite images have shown a pair of cyclones in the Indian Ocean region, one in the northern hemisphere and one in the southern hemisphere. Named cyclone Asani and cyclone Karim respectively, these are twin cyclones originating in the same longitude and now drifting apart.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about twin cyclones and their process of formation.
Directive word:
Explain – Clarify the topic by giving a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start by defining twin cyclones.
Body:
First, write about the various factors leading to the formation of twin cyclones – interplay of the wind and the monsoon system, role of equatorial Rossby waves, latent heat of evaporation and general conditions conducive for the formation of the cyclones.
Conclusion:
Conclude by mentioning the impact of twin cyclones as conclusion.
General Studies – 2
Topic: Appointment to various Constitutional posts, powers, functions and responsibilities of various Constitutional Bodies.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 2.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the functioning of Tribes Advisory Councils (TAC).
Directive word:
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving a brief about the aims and objectives of fifth schedule of Indian constitution.
Body:
First, write about the of Tribes Advisory Councils (TAC), its composition and functioning.
Next, write about performance of these councils to uphold their stated objectives. The positives – prohibit or restrict the transfer of land, regulate the allotment of land, regulate the carrying on of business as money-lender etc.
Next, write about the limitations in the performance of these councils – The functioning of the TAC has been unsatisfactory, the rehabilitation and settlement is inadequate, the meetings of Tribal Advisory Council (TAC) have been irregular, the Governor’s report has been insufficient and also there has been unsatisfactory implementation of development programmes.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward.
Topic: Important International institutions, agencies and fora- their structure, mandate.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Indian Express
Why the question:
The way Prime Minister Narendra Modi collected endorsements for the long-pending demand for India being made a permanent member of the UN Security Council (UNSC) during his recent tour of Europe is heartening.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about various factors that show India is ready to take up role in the UNSC as the permanent member.
Directive word:
Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start by giving a brief about India’s growing stature internationally.
Body:
Write about the reasons that lend credibility to India’s claims – Represents one-sixth of the global population, among the founding members of the U.N, upheld its principles and credentials while some other countries consider the organisation as merely a talk shop, impressive contribution towards the UN Peacekeeping Force (UNPKF) and economic power etc.
Next, write about the various limitations that hinder the above.
Conclusion:
Conclude by writing a way forward to overcome the above limitations.
General Studies – 3
Topic: Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.
Difficulty level: Tough
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
In the last financial year, 90 lakh beneficiaries of Narendra Modi government’s flagship welfare scheme Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana did not refill their cylinders.
Directive word:
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by writing about aims and objectives of Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY).
Body:
In the first part, write about the achievements of Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY).
Next, write about statistic which highlight the shift from traditional forms of fuel to LPG.
Next, write about the various impediments like affordability, administrative issues, low value for women’s labour etc poor face while accessing LPG which causes them to continue to use firewood and cow dung as fuel.
Write the measures that need to be taken to enhance and promote the usage of LPG. Mention the aspect of integrating other forms clean energy apart from LPG which is accessible and affordable.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward.
Topic: indigenization of technology and developing new technology.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
The semiconductor ecosystem in India has been abuzz with energy ever since the government announced a ₹ 76,000 crore scheme to incentivise semiconductor and display system manufacturers to set up shop in India.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about applications of semi-conductors and how the government can create a thriving domestic semiconductor industry.
Directive word:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving a statistic highlighting strategic significance of semiconductors in India.
Body:
In the first part, discuss the various applications of semiconductors – computers, phones, server farms, missiles and in their guidance systems, warplanes, submarines, aircraft carriers, satellites etc.
Next, write about the steps need to create a robust domestic industry for semiconductors – tackling R&D problems, funding, solving intellectual property issues. Mention various measures already initiated by the government in this regard.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward.
General Studies – 4
Topic: Aptitude and foundational values for Civil Service, integrity, impartiality and non-partisanship, objectivity, dedication to public service, empathy, tolerance and compassion towards the weaker-sections.
Difficulty level: Easy
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about how Integrity is at the core of good character.
Directive word:
Substantiate – When you are asked to Substantiate, you must pass a sound judgement about the truth of the given statement in the question or the topic based on evidence. You must appraise the worth of the statement in question using suitable case studies or/ and examples.
Introduction:
Begin by defining what is Integrity.
Body:
Mention how integrity boosts the moral values such as honesty, fairness, decency etc that boosts one’s moral character and contributes to an ethical system. Use examples to support the argument.
Also, write about how with having Integrity as foundational value, we can add more virtues for ethical development.
Conclusion:
Mention that it further boosts self-awareness of individuals and aids for a just society.
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