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General Studies – 1
Topic: Salient features of world’s physical geography.
Difficulty level: Easy
Reference: Insights on India
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 1.
Key Demand of the question:
To write the reasons for the frequent earthquakes and volcanic activity in the Circum-pacific belt.
Directive word:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by defining what is Ring of fire and cite statistic related to the volcanism and earthquake in the region.
Body:
First draw small, neat diagram of Ring of Fire and show its location, shape, and characteristics.
Next, discuss the formation of the Pacific Ring of Fire and explaining the reason behind its active state due to which it hosts the largest number of active volcanoes of the world, its association with plate tectonics. Give some of the important geological features associated with it.
Conclusion:
Conclude by stating relevance of the geographical feature to the world physiography.
General Studies – 2
Topic: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: The Hindu
Why the question:
The Delhi High Court on Wednesday delivered a split verdict on decriminalising marital rape in the country. While Justice Rajiv Shakdher struck down Exception 2 of the Indian Penal Code’s Section 375 that decriminalised rape within marriage, Justice C. Hari Shankar upheld its validity.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about obstacles in criminalising marital rape in India.
Directive word:
Critically analyze – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary. When ‘critically’ is suffixed or prefixed to a directive, one needs to look at the good and bad of the topic and give a balanced judgment on the topic.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by giving context regarding petition against marital rape.
Body:
First, mention the need to criminalise marital rape – against right to dignity under Article 21, Gender violence, against article 14, marital rape has adverse and long-term consequences on women’s health and well-being etc.
Next, write about the factors which creates obstacles for criminalisation of marital rape – lack of consensus, investigation process, fake cases etc.
Suggest reforms to overcome the above issues.
Conclusion:
Conclude by giving a balanced way forward and with your view on the criminalisation of marital rape.
Topic: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.
Difficulty level: Tough
Reference: Indian Express/
Why the question:
Police reforms has been on the agenda of Governments almost since independence but even after more than 70 years, the police is seen as selectively efficient, unsympathetic to the under privileged.
Key Demand of the question:
To about various reforms that are needed in the police force and Prakash Singh judgement in this regard.
Directive word:
Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by mentioning importance of police in maintaining law and order in the country.
Body:
First, write about the need for reforms – mention systemic factors, attitudinal factors, and political factors etc which are responsible for this. Use recent examples such as Jayaraj and Felix case from Tamil Nadu to substantiate your points.
Next, mention about the guidelines issues in the Prakash Singh judgement in this regard and stpes that are needed to have an efficient, empathetic, sensitive, responsive and an accountable police force.
Conclusion:
Conclude with way forward
General Studies – 3
Topic: Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth, development and employment.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Live Mint , Indian Express
Why the question:
The Indian rupee has depreciated less than 7%, as compared to the strongest level in 2021, which was 72.29% on 17 March.
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the causes for depreciation of rupee, its impact and measures needed to counter it.
Directive word:
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by explaining the concept of depreciation of rupee.
Body:
First, write about the causes behind the recent depreciation – rising interest rates in USA, flight of capital has taken place from developing countries like India, portfolio investors tend to withdraw from these markets, Increasing crude oil prices and Ukraine crisis etc.
Next, discuss the impact of falling rupee value on inflation, cad, price of essential imports etc.
Next, write about the various steps that are required to counter it.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward.
Topic: Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment.
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Down to Earth
Why the question:
The frequency and duration of drought is increasing at an alarming rate across the world since the onset of the 21st century, according to the Drought in Numbers, 2022 report released May 11 at the ongoing 15th Conference of Parties (CoP15) to the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD).
Key Demand of the question:
To write about the causes and consequences of desertification in India.
Directive word:
Evaluate – When you are asked to evaluate, you have to pass a sound judgement about the truth of the given statement in the question or the topic based on evidence. You must appraise the worth of the statement in question. There is scope for forming an opinion here.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by defining desertification and present statistics regarding it.
Body:
First, write about its causes – It is caused primarily by human activities and climatic variations. It occurs because dryland ecosystems, which cover over one third of the world ‘s land area, are extremely vulnerable to overexploitation and inappropriate land use.
Next, elaborate upon the socio-economic impact of desertification.
Next, stress on the measures needed to fight desertification.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a way forward.
General Studies – 4
Topic: Human Values – lessons from the lives and teachings of great leaders, reformers and administrators;
6. What does this quote means to you? (150 words)
Difficulty level: Moderate
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by explaining the importance of truth in a democracy.
Body:
First, highlight on the necessary factors for a functioning democracy such as fact, truth and trust
Next, elaborate on the inter-linkages between these factors with suitable examples
Next, mention few instances of democratic breakdown due to failure of one of the mentioned factors.
Conclusion:
Conclude by summarising the points discussed above.
Topic: Attitude: content, structure, function; its influence and relation with thought and behaviour; moral and political attitudes; social influence and persuasion
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude by Lexicon Publications.
Why the question:
The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4.
Key Demand of the question:
To understand the various roles and responsibilities of a leader and the importance of ethics in their work domain
Directive word:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by defining what is leadership along with few traits of a good leader.
Body:
Highlight the need for an ethical leader in the present context of rising scams and blind race against mere monetary gains of businesses. Give few examples highlighting cases of leadership with and without ethics and its impact on the organisation as well as the society.
Conclusion:
Conclude by summarising the above points highlighting the need for ethical leadership
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