DAY – 42 (InstaTest-42): Insta 75 Days Revision Plan-2022: Topic – MODERN INDIA, Subject-wise Tests 7,21 , Text Book Based Test 23, 24, 25 , April 2022 CA

Solution: C

Pherozeshah Mehta is an Indian political leader, planner of the municipal charter for Bombay and founder of the English-language newspaper Bombay Chronicle. He presided over the sixth session of the Indian National Congress in 1890. He had a major role in the establishment of a Swadeshi bank i.e. the Central Bank of India.

Surendranath Banerjea is one of important moderate political leader. He founded the Indian National Association, through which he led two sessions of the Indian National Conference in 1883 and 1885, along with Anandamohan Bose. He founded a new organization named Indian National Liberation Federation in 1919. He was editor of “The Bengali” newspaper. Written in the last years of Sir Surendranath Banerjea s life, A Nation in Making is not only the autobiography of a pioneering leader in Indian politics but also a commentary on public life.

Solution: C

Swarajist Activity in Councils

Achievements

(i) With coalition partners, they out-voted the government several times, even on matters relating to budgetary grants, and passed adjournment motions.

(ii) They agitated through powerful speeches on self-government, civil liberties and industrialisation.

(iii) Vithalbhai Patel was elected speaker of Central Legislative Assembly in 1925.

(iv) A noteworthy achievement was the defeat of the Public Safety Bill in 1928 which was aimed at empowering the Government to deport undesirable and subversive foreigners (because the Government was alarmed by the spread of socialist and communist ideas and believed that a crucial role was being played by the British and other foreign activists being sent by the Commintern).

(v) By their activities, they filled the political vacuum at a time when the national movement was recouping its strength.

(vi) They exposed the hollowness of the Montford scheme.

(vii) They demonstrated that the councils could be used creatively.

Drawbacks

(i) The Swarajists lacked a policy to coordinate their militancy inside legislatures with the mass struggle outside. They relied totally on newspaper reporting to communicate with the public.

(ii) An obstructionist strategy had its limitations.

(iii) They could not carry on with their coalition partners very far because of conflicting ideas, which further limited their effectiveness.

(iv) They failed to resist the perks and privileges of power and office.

(v) They failed to support the peasants’ cause in Bengal and lost support among Muslim members who were pro-peasant.

Solution: C

Satyagraha Against the Rowlatt Act— First Mass Strike

Just when the Indians expected a huge advance towards self-rule as a reward for their contribution to the war, they were given the Montford Reforms with its very limited scope and the shockingly repressive Rowlatt Act. Not surprisingly the Indians felt betrayed. More so Gandhi, who had been at the forefront in offering cooperation in the British war effort, and who had even offered to encourage recruitment of Indians into the British Indian forces. He called the Rowlatt Act the “Black Act” and argued that not everyone should get punishment in response to isolated political crimes. Gandhi called for a mass protest at all India level. But soon, having seen the constitutional protest meet with ruthless repression, Gandhi organised a Satyagraha Sabha and roped in younger members of Home Rule Leagues and the Pan Islamists. The forms of protest finally chosen included observance of a nationwide hartal (strike) accompanied by fasting and prayer, and civil disobedience against specific laws, and courting arrest and imprisonment.

Solution: D

Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms:

Government of India Act, 1919

Legislature (i) Provincial legislative councils were further expanded and 70 per cent of the members were to be elected.

(ii) The system of communal and class electorates was further consolidated.

(iii) Women were also given the right to vote.

(iv) The legislative councils could initiate legislation but the governor’s assent was required. The governor could veto bills and issue ordinances.

(v) The legislative councils could reject the budget but the governor could restore it, if necessary.

(vi) The legislators enjoyed freedom of speech.

Legislature (i) A bicameral arrangement was introduced.

(ii) The Council of State had a tenure of 5 years and had only male members, while the Central Legislative Assembly had a tenure of 3 years.

(iii) The legislators could ask questions and supplementaries, pass adjournment motions and vote a part

of the budget, but 75 per cent of the budget was still not votable.

Solution: B

In February 1909, the public prosecutor was shot dead in Calcutta and in February 1910, a deputy superintendent of police met the same fate while leaving the Calcutta High Court. In 1908, Barrah dacoity was organised by Dacca Anushilan under Pulin Das to raise funds for revolutionary activities.

Rashbehari Bose and Sachin Sanyal staged a spectacular bomb attack on Viceroy Hardinge while he was making his official entry into the new capital of Delhi in a procession through Chandni Chowk in December 1912. (Hardinge was injured, but not killed.)

The western Anushilan Samiti found a good leader in Jatindranath Mukherjee or Bagha Jatin and emerged as the Jugantar (or Yugantar). Jatin revitalised links between the central organisation in Calcutta and other places in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.

During the First World War, the Jugantar party arranged to import German arms and ammunition through sympathisers and revolutionaries abroad. Jatin asked Rashbehari Bose to take charge of Upper India, aiming to bring about an all-India insurrection in what has come to be called the ‘German Plot’ or the ‘Zimmerman Plan’. The Jugantar party raised funds through a series of dacoities which came to be known as taxicab dacoities and boat dacoities, so as to work out the Indo-German conspiracy.

Solution: A

In the period 1903-1905, the leadership was provided by men like Surendranath Banerjea, K.K. Mitra and Prithwishchandra Ray. The methods adopted were petitions to the government, public meetings, memoranda, and propaganda through pamphlets and newspapers such as Hitabadi, Sanjibani and Bengalee. Their objective was to exert sufficient pressure on the government through an educated public opinion in India and England to prevent the unjust partition of Bengal from being implemented.

Ignoring a loud public opinion against the partition proposal, the government announced partition of Bengal in July 1905. Within days, protest meetings were held in small towns all over Bengal. It was in these meetings that the pledge to boycott foreign goods was first taken. On August 7, 1905, with the passage of the Boycott Resolution in a massive meeting held in the Calcutta Townhall, the formal proclamation of Swadeshi Movement was made. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.

 After this, the leaders dispersed to other parts of Bengal to propagate the message of boycott of Manchester cloth and Liverpool salt.

The historic session of Indian National Congress was held from 7th August 1942 at Gowalia Tank Maidan, Mumbai, were Quit India resolution or “Do or die’ call was made.

Solution: C

The poligars (or palayakkarargal) of South India gave a stiff resistance to the British between 1795 and 1805. The main centres of these strong uprisings were Tinneveli (or Thirunelveli), Ramanathapuram, Sivaganga, Sivagiri, Madurai, and North Arcot. The problem started in 1781, when the Nawab of Arcot gave the management and control of Tinneveli and the Carnatic Provinces to the East India Company. This arrangement caused resentment among the poligars who had, for long considered themselves as independent sovereign authorities within their respective territories. The first revolt of the poligars against the Company was basically over taxation, but had a larger political dimension in that the English considered and treated the poligars as enemies.

Kattabomman Nayakan, the poligar of Panjalankurichi, led the insurrection between 1795 and 1799. After a fierce battle in which the Company forces were defeated by Veerapandiya Kattabomman, a price was put on the latter’s head. This led to greater rebellion by the poligars.

Solution: C

The Congress is tottering to its fall, and one of my great ambitions while in India is to assist it to a peaceful demise was political view of Lord Curzon.

Solution: D

N.M. Lokhande is one of the pioneers of Indian labour movement. In 1890, he established an organization called “Bombay Mill Hands Association” and took the initiative in organizing protests.

In 1918, along with V. Kalyanasundaram Mudaliar, Wadia founded the Madras Labour Union, one of India’s first organized labour unions.

Solution: C

E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker popularly known as Periyar, was an Indian social activist, and politician who started the Self-Respect Movement and Dravidar Kazhagam.

Kudi Arasu, which translates into Republic in English, was a Tamil weekly magazine published by Periyar E. V. Ramasamy Naicker to propogate his ideas.

Solution: B

The revolt of the Moamarias in 1769 was a potent challenge to the authority of Ahom kings of Assam.

The Moamarias were low-caste peasants who followed the teachings of Aniruddhadeva (1553-1624), and their rise was similar to that of other low-caste groups in north India. Their revolts weakened the Ahoms and opened the doors for others to attack the region, for instance, in 1792, the King of Darrang (Krishnanarayan), assisted by his band of burkandazes (the demobilised soldiers of the Muslim armies and zamindars) revolted.

Solution: A

The Sikhs were not satisfied with the Treaty of Lahore over the issue of Kashmir, so the rebelled. In December, 1846, the Treaty of Bhairowal was signed. According to the provisions of this treaty, Rani Jindan was removed as regent and a council of regency for Punjab was set up. The council consisted of 8 Sikh sardars presided over by the English Resident, Henry Lawrence.

Solution: C

First Anglo-Mysore War

1. Following complete chaos and panic at Madras, English was forced to conclude a very humiliating treaty with Haidar on April 4, 1769—Treaty of Madras which brought an end to the war.
2. The conquered territories were restored to each other
3. It was also agreed that they would help each other in case of a foreign attack

Second Anglo-Mysore War

As per the Treaty of Mangalore (11 March 1784), both parties agreed to return the captured territories and prisoners to each other.

Third Anglo-Mysore War (1790 – 1792)

Result of the war:

• The war ended with the Treaty of Seringapatam in 1792.
• As per the treaty, Tipu had to cede half of his kingdom to the English including the areas of Malabar, Dindigul, Coorg and Baramahal.
• He also had to pay Rs.3 Crore as war indemnity to the British.
• Tipu also had to surrender two of his sons as surety to the British till he paid his due.

Fourth Anglo-Mysore War (1799)

Result of the war:

• Tipu’s territories were divided between the British and the Nizam of Hyderabad.
• The core area around Seringapatam and Mysore was restored to the Wodeyar dynasty who had been ruling Mysore before Hyder Ali became the de-facto ruler.
• Mysore entered into a Subsidiary Alliance with the British and a British resident was placed at the Mysore Court.

Solution: C

Sri Narayana Dharma Paripalana (SNDP) Movement, also known as Ezhava Movement was started by Sri Narayana Guru against the Brahmin dominance.

He formed a programme of action known as the ‘SNDP Yogam’. The Yogam took up several issues, including the right of admission to public schools, recruitment to government employment, entry into temples, on roads and political represen­tation.

Jotiba Phule was an Indian social activist, thinker, anti-caste social reformer and writer from Maharashtra. He fought for the cause of caste discrimination.

He wrote ‘Gulamgiri’ and ‘Sarvajanik Satyadharma Pustak’.

Solution: B

In 1880, Viceroy Lytton appointed Royal commission of Famine under the presidency of Richard Strachey to formulate general principles and suggest specific measures of a preventive and protective nature.

The famines of 1899-1900 was followed by a commission under the presidency of Sir Anthony Mac Donnell(1901). It emphasized on the policy of ‘Moral Strategy’ and advocated the appointment of a famine commissioner in s province where relief operations were expected to be extensive

Solution: C

Solution:

• United Nations Convention on International Settlement Agreements Resulting from Mediation also known as “Singapore Convention on Mediation” has come into force.India approved the signing of the Convention in July 2019.In the recently held India-Singapore mediation summit, addressing the summit, The CJI called for prescribing mediation as a mandatory first step for resolution of every allowable dispute.

Solution: C

Solution:

• NCA would act as intermediate appellate courts between the State High Courts and the Supreme Court.
• The National Court Appeal with regional benches in Chennai, Mumbai and Kolkata is meant to act as final court of justice in dealing with appeals from the decisions of the High Courts and tribunals within their region in civil, criminal, labour and revenue matters.
• It will have 15 judges each.

Solution: B

Solution:

• Fifth Schedule of the Constitution of India, which mentions Scheduled Areas, is termed as a “Constitution within a Constitution”. The Act extended the provisions of Panchayats to the tribal areas of ten states that have Fifth Schedule Areas

Solution:A

Solution:

• In a sign of resistance against developed countries led by the US and Japan, which are pushing for free flow of data across borders, India refused to become a signatory to the Osaka declaration on digital economy that was signed by 24 countries and groupings.
• While a majority of G-20 countries signed off on the launch of “Osaka track”, an overarching framework promoting cross-border data flow with enhanced protections launched by Japan Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, India was joined by South Africa and Indonesia in keeping away.

Solution: B

Solution:

• The Berlin Declaration on Digital Society and Value-based Digital Government has been signed on 8 December by the responsible ministers of all EU Member States.
• The Declaration follows up on the success of the Tallinn Declaration on eGovernment, which endorsed the key principles for digital public services put forward in the eGovernment Action Plan 2016-2020. The Berlin Declaration takes the user-centricity principles formulated in the Tallinn Declaration a step further by strengthening the pioneering role of public administrations in driving a value-based digital transformation of our European societies.

Solution: C

Solution: Gravitational Lensing  It occurs when a huge amount of matter, such as a massive galaxy or cluster of galaxies, creates a gravitational field that distorts and magnifies the light from objects behind it, but in the same line of sight.  The effect allows researchers to study the details of early galaxies too far away to be seen otherwise with even the most powerful space telescopes.

Solution: A

Solution :  The National Informatics Centre has launched an instant messaging platform called Sandes on the lines of Whatsapp.

Solution : A 

Indian vendor,  as a company that is owned and controlled by resident Indian citizens, with foreign direct investment (FDI) not more than 49 per cent.  The ―import embargo list of 101 items, An embargo is a government order that restricts commerce with a specified country or the exchange of specific goods.

Solution : C

Solution : National Hydrogen Energy Mission  Focus on generation of hydrogen from green power resources. Hydrogen fuel is a zero-emission fuel burned with oxygen. It can be used in fuel cells or internal combustion engines. It is also used as a fuel for spacecraft propulsion.

Solution : C

Solution : Catch the Rain 2022 Campaign 3.0 “ Ministry of Jal shakti has launched a Campaign that aims at conserving water during the monsoon season. 

Ministry of  Housing &  Urban Affairs 

1. Climate Smart Cities Assessment Framework (CSCAF)
2. India Cycle 4 Change Challenge
3. DataSmart Cities & City Data Officer (CDO)

Ans ( a ) There are five possible ways

( i ) D – A – F

( ii ) D – F

( iii ) D – E – F

( iv ) D – B – G – H – A – I – C – F

( v ) D – B – G – H – A – F

Ans- ( b ) Series pattern : a b b n /a b b n/a b b n/a b b n

Required answer = bnbban

Ans- c.

Raghu should walk 5 km in North – East direction to reach the point A again .

Ans-. ( b) For maximum number of persons , arrangement in the row will be as follows

10th 13th Left Rohan Mukesh Right

Total number of persons = Sum of positions of both persons + Number of places in middle = 10 + 13 + 4 = 27

For minimum number of persons , arrangement in the row will be given as follows From left 10th Rohan 13th n Mukesh From right

Total number of persons = Sum of positions of both places – Number of places in middle

– 2 = ( 10 + 13 ) –  4-2 = 17

Hence, option ( b ) is the correct answer .

Ans ( b ) It is a matter of concern to all people around the globe that industrial revolution which has brought prosperity to the developed countries , has been responsible for exploiting Earth ‘sresources without any plans to mitigate its effects .