Topic: Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc., geographical features and their location-changes in critical geographical features (including water-bodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes.
1. What is a heatwave? Account for the increasing frequency and unprecedent heatwaves across multiple cities in India. (250 words).
Difficulty level: Moderate
Reference: Indian Express , live Mint
Why the question:
March was exceptionally hot, and April will end on a similar note. The country has already seen four heatwaves early in the summer of 2022, and no immediate respite is expected either.
Key Demand of the question:
To mention about the criteria for heat wave and to examine the causes of heat wave conditions and measures required to tackle it.
Directive word:
Account – Weigh up to what extent something is true. Persuade the reader of your argument by citing relevant research but also remember to point out any flaws and counter- arguments as well. Conclude by stating clearly how far you agree with the original proposition.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Start by defining a heat wave.
Body:
In the first part of the body, start by mentioning the criteria for a heat wave: in temperature for plains, coastal areas and hilly areas. The criteria for a severe heat wave.
In the next part, mention the causes behind heat waves in India
Next, Mention ways to mitigate heath wave conditions in the short term and long term: Short term measures such as issuing proper guidelines and warning, green rating of buildings, structural changes in the buildings, improving the lifestyle of people etc.
Long term measures such as combating climate change, increasing vegetation and green cities, implementing the guidelines of UN-Habitat-III etc.
Conclusion:
Stress upon the need to act with utmost urgency given the increasing instances of heat waves.
