DAY – 37 (InstaTest-37): Insta 75 Days Revision Plan-2022: Topic – ART & CULTURE, Subject-wise Tests 28 , Text Book Based Test 11 , March 2022 CA Revision

Solution: D

After passing of Buddha, The original Sangha is believed to have

split into the two early schools in between 383 BC and 250 BC:

Sthavira nikaya (sub-sects included Mahisasaka, Sarvastivada, Sankrantika, Sautrantika, Dharmaguptaka, Vatsiputriya, Dharmottariya, Bhadrayaniya, Sannagarika and Saṃmitiya)

Mahasaṃghika (sub-sects included Gokulika, Prajnaptivada, Bahusrutiya, Ekavyaharikas, Caitika)

Other sub-sects not identified under above two schools were Hemavatika, Rajagiriya, Siddhatthaka, Pubbaseliya, Aparaseliya, and Apararajagirika.

Later Buddhist schools included Theravada, Mahayana, Vajrayana,

Solution: C

Putul Nachh is the traditional rod puppet dance of Bengal-Odisha-Assam region. The figures are generally 3-4 ft. high and dressed like characters of Jatra.

They generally have three joints – at the neck and at the shoulders.

The puppeteers, each of whom control a single puppet by means of a rod attached to his waist, are placed behind a high curtain. The puppeteers move around behind the curtain, imparting similar movements to the puppets. The performance is accompanied by a musical troop of 3-4 musicians playing harmonium, cymbals and tabla.

Solution: C

In the central part of India, the Chandela rulers developed a distinct style of temple making of their own – known as Khajuraho school or Chandel school.

The features of the temples here include:

In these temples, both the interior and exterior walls were lavishly decorated with carvings.

• The sculptures were generally erotic in their themes and drew inspiration from Vatsyayana’s Kamasutra.
• The temples were made of sandstone.
• The temples had three chambers – garbhagriha, mandapa and ardha-mandapa. Some temples had a vestibular entrance to the garbhagriha known as antarala.
• The temples were generally north or east facing.
• Panchayatan style of temple making was followed. Even the subsidiary shrines had Rekha prasad shikharas. This created an impression of a mountain range.
• The temples were built on relatively high platform and belong to Hindu as well as Jain religion.

Solution: D

Sant Tukaram was a seventeenth century Marathi poet Saint, related to the Bhakti movement of Maharashtra. He was a contemporary of Maratha Shivaji and saints like Eknath and Ramdas.

Tukaram was a devotee of Vitthal (a form of Lord Krishna), the supreme God in Vaishnavism.

Tuka Ram believed in a formless God. According to him, it was not possible to
enjoin spiritual joy with worldly activities. He stressed the all-pervasiveness of God. He rejected Vedic sacrifices, ceremonies, pilgrimages, idol worship, etc. He also preached the virtue of piety, forgiveness and peace of mind. He spread the message of equality and brotherhood. He tried to foster Hindu-Muslim Unity. Some of his verses are devoted to this theme. He wrote his abhangas in Marathi

Solution: D

Aurangazeb was a staunch and orthodox Muslim in his personal life. His ideal was to transform India into an Islamic state.

He created a separate department to enforce moral codes under a high-powered officer called Muhtasib. Drinking was prohibited.

Cultivation and use of bhang and other drugs were banned. Aurangazeb forbade music in the Mughal court.

He discontinued the practice of Jarokhadarshan. He also discontinued the celebration of Dasarah and royal astronomers and astrologers were also dismissed from service.

Solution: D

In the north-west, Kashmiri Neolithic culture was distinguished by its dwelling pits, wide range of ceramics, the variety of stone and bone tools, and the complete absence of microliths. Its most important site is Burzahom, which means ‘the place of birch’, situated 16 km north-west of Srinagar. The Neolithic people lived there on a lake-side in pits, and probably had a hunting and fishing economy, and seem to have been acquainted with agriculture. The people of Gufkral (literally the ‘cave of the potter’), a Neolithic site, 41 km south-west of Srinagar, practised both agriculture and animal husbandry. The Neolithic people in Kashmir used not only polished tools of stone, but also numerous tools and weapons made of bone. The only other place which has yielded considerable bone implements in India is Chirand, 40 km west of Patna on the northern side of the Ganges.

Solution: C

The Durga temple at Aihole is an apsidal temple of about 550 A.D.

The Lakshmana temple of Khajuraho, dedicated to Vishnu, was built in 954 by the Chandela king, Dhanga.

Among the later shrines of Bhubaneswar the Ananta Vasudeva temple, founded in 1278, is remarkable in more ways than one. It is the only temple dedicated to Vaishnava worship at this predominantly Shiva site and stands on an ornate platform terrace.

The great Virupaksha temple, dedicated to Siva as Lokesavara, by the queen of Vikramaditya II is datable to 740 A.D., which was most likely built by workmen brought from Kanchipuram, and in direct imitation of the Kailasanath at Kanchipuram.

Solution: B

The Mathura School flourished on the banks of the river Yamuna in the period between 1st and 3^rd centuries B.C. The sculptures of the Mathura School were influenced by the stories and imageries of all three religions of the time – Buddhism, Hinduism and Jainism. The images were modelled on the earlier Yaksha images found during the Mauryan period. The Mathura School showed a striking use of symbolism in the images. The Hindu Gods were represented using their avayudhas. For example, Shiva is shown through linga and mukhalinga. Similarly, the halo around the head of Buddha is larger than in Gandhara School and decorated with geometrical patterns.

Buddha is shown to be surrounded by two Bodhisattavas – Padmapani holding a lotus and Vajrapani holding a thunderbolt.

The sculptures of Mathura School were made using spotted red sandstone.

Buddha is shown in delighted mood with a smiling face. The body symbolizes masculinity, wearing tight dress. The face and head are shaven. Buddha is seated in padmasana with different mudras and his face reflects grace. A similar protuberance is shown on the head.

Solution: D

The construction of rock caves continued as in the Mauryan period. However, this period saw the development of two types of rock caves – Chaitya and Vihar. While the Vihars were residential halls for the Buddhist and Jain monks and were developed during the time of the Mauryan Empire, the Chaitya halls were developed during this time.

Chaityas were mainly quadrangular chambers with flat roofs and used as prayer halls.

The caves also had open courtyards and stone screen walls to shield from rain. They were also decorated with human and animal figures.

Solution: B

The Ambubachi Mela is an annual Hindu mela held at Kamakhya Temple in Guwahati, Assam. This yearly mela is celebrated during the monsoon season that happens to fall during the Assamese month Ahaar, around the middle of June when sun transit to the zodiac of Mithuna, when the Brahmaputra river is in spate.

Solution: A

Solution:

• Mawblei or God’s Rock, Meghalaya – huge balancing sandstone rock slanting at an angle of 45 degrees in south-southeast direction on a hill slope overlooking the Wahrashi River valley.

Solution: C

• It is conducted in January each year and is coordinated by the Wetlands International South Asia and the Bombay Natural History Society(a NGO).
• It is an integral part of the global waterbird monitoring programme, the International Waterbird Census (IWC), coordinated by Wetlands International.

Solution: C

Solution:

• So far, five assessment reports have been produced, the first one being released in 1990.

IPCC’s latest findings say that, “Limiting warming to around 1.5 degrees Celsius requires global GHGs to peak before 2025 at the latest, and be reduced by 43 per cent by 2030,”

Solution :C

Solution:

• The Pradhan Mantri fasal bima yojana (PMFBY) launched on 18 February 2016.
• No provision for farmer’s revenue protection: Being only a yield-protection insurance, this scheme fails to take into account revenue protection.
• The scheme was earlier compulsory for loanee farmers availing Crop Loan /KCC account for notified crops and voluntary for other others, but has been made voluntary since 2020 when reforms in the scheme were introduced. The scheme is being administered by the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.

Solution: A

Solution:

• The computer software and hardware sector attracted the largest share of FDI inflows at 19 per cent.
• followed by the service sector at 15 per cent.
• Trading saw FDI inflow of eight per cent,
• while the Telecommunications & Construction (Infrastructure) sector attracted FDI inflow of seven per cent each, according to commerce ministry data.

Solution: d)

Justification: Both S1 and S2 are incorrect.

“Dhrupad is believed to have been a further elaboration of the prabandha structure. While it might have had an impetus for popularity even by the 14th century, it finds a blossoming period from 15th century onwards to about the 18th century. During these centuries we meet the most respected and renowned singers and patrons of this form. There was Man Singh Tomar, the Maharaja of Gwalior. It was he who was mainly responsible for the enormous vogue of dhrupad.

The dhrupad is even now highly respected and can be heard on the concert platform but more often in temples of North India. Thedhrupad has somewhat receded to the background and is not so popular with the masses. The Been and Pakhawaj which were closely associated with the dhrupad also do not find much patronage these days.

Today the pride of place in classical Hindustani Music is occupied by the Khyal. We are really not sure about the beginning of the Khyal. The word is alien and means ‘imagination’. And as you will find when you hear it is more lyrical than the dhrupad. But whether the musical form itself is foreign. is a matter of doubt.

Some scholars are of the opinion that in fact, it has its roots in the ancient Indian roopaka alaps. It is also said that Amir Khusrou of the 13th century gave it an impetus. Sultan Mohammed Sharkhi of the 15th century is credited with encouraging this form. However, it attained its maturity at the hands of Niyamat Khan Sadarang and Adarang of the 18th century.

Q Source: http://ccrtindia.gov.in/hindustaniclassicalmusic.php

Solution: c)

Justification: The number of recognized classical dances range from eight to more, depending on the source and scholar. The Sangeet Natak Akademi recognizes eight – Bharatanatyam, Kathak, Kuchipudi, Odissi, Kathakali, Sattriya, Manipuri and Mohiniyattam.

Scholars such as Drid Williams add Chhau, Yakshagana and Bhagavata Mela to the list. The Culture Ministry of the Government of India includes Chhau in its classical list.

These dances are traditionally regional, all of them include music and recitation in local language or Sanskrit, and they represent a unity of core ideas in a diversity of styles, costumes and expression.

Odissi and Kathak have roots in Odisha, eastern India. Manipuri and Sattriya from NE India, and the rest from Southern India.

In their present format, their history cannot be traced back to over two to three hundred years, but they all have links with the ancient and medieval literary, sculptural and musical traditions of India and of their particular regions. They all adhere to the canons of classical dance laid down in the Natya Shastra, a second century C.E. text ascribed to the sage Bharata, to whom it was supposedly revealed by the Creator, Brahma.

Q Source: 11^th TN History textbook

Solution: b)

Justification: Options A, C and D:  There are several forms of dance-drama or folk theatre, such as the Nautanki of Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, the Bhavai of Gujarat, the irreverent Tamasha of Maharashtra , the Bengali Jatra, the spectacular Yakshagana of Karnataka and Theyyam of Kerala, all of which narrate legends of local heroes, kings and deities. Martial art forms throughout the country have been stylized to quasi dance forms, notable among which are the martial dances of the North-eastern hill tribes, the Lazim dances of Maharashtra, the Kalaripayattu of Kerala, and the highly stylized masked Chhau dances of Orissa, West Bengal and Bihar.

Option B: There are seven major classical dance styles — Bharatnatyam from Tamil Nadu and Karnataka, Kathakali, a classical dance-drama from Kerala, Manipuri from Manipur, Kathak from Uttar Pradesh, Odissi from Orissa, and Kuchipudi from Andhra Pradesh and Sattriya from Assam which has recently been included in the fold of Classical Dances.

Q Source: http://ccrtindia.gov.in/performingart.php

Solution: d)

Justification:  Kathakali, as a dance form popular today, is considered to be of comparatively recent origin. However, it is an art which has evolved from many social and religious theatrical forms which existed in the southern region in ancient times.

Chakiarkoothu, Koodiyattam, Krishnattam and Ramanattam are few of the ritual performing arts of Kerala which have had a direct influence on Kathakali in its form and technique. Legend has it that the refusal of the Zamorin of Calicut to send his Krishnattam troupe to Travancore, so enraged the Raja of Kottarakkara, that he was inspired to compose the Ramanattam.

Q Source: http://ccrtindia.gov.in/kathakali.php

Solution: a)

Justification: As per classical texts, to present nritya and natya effectively, a dancer should be trained to communicate the navarasas.

As per them, dance is considered as having three aspects: natya, nritya and nritta. Natya highlights the dramatic element and most dance forms do not give emphasis to this aspect today with the exception of dance-drama forms like Kathakali. Nrityais essentially expressional, performed specifically to convey the meaning of a theme or idea. Nritta on the other hand, is pure dance where body movements do not express any mood (bhava), nor do they convey any meaning. To present nritya and natya effectively, a dancer should be trained to communicate the navarasas. These are: love (shringaara), mirth (haasya), compassion (karuna), valour(veera), anger (roudra), fear (bhayanak), disgust (bibhatsa), wonder (adbhuta) and peace (shaanta).

Option D: An ancient classification followed in all styles is of Tandava and Lasya. Tandava the masculine, is heroic bold and vigorous. Lasya the feminine is soft, lyrical and graceful. Abhinaya, broadly means expression. This is achieved through angika, the body and limbs, vachikasong and speech and aharya, costume and adornment; and satvika, moods and emotions.

Q Source: 11^th TN History Textbook

Answer D

Grounds for disqualification:

If an elected member gives up his membership of a political party voluntarily. 

If he votes or abstains from voting in the House, contrary to any direction issued by his political party. 

If any member who is independently elected joins any party. 

The Bombay High Court held that the disqualification under the 10th schedule of the Constitution doesn’t bar members from going back to electorates and seek re-election.

ANswer C

Initiative of Ministry of Human Resource and Development

Bharatavani project is about making available “knowledge in and knowledge about” all languages in the country in multimedia formats (text, audio, video and images) through an online portal.

Answer B

The total forest and tree cover of the country is 80.9 million hectares which are 24.62 per cent of the geographical area of the country. 17 states/UT’s have above 33 per cent of the geographical area under forest cover.

Madhya pradesh has largest area under forest

Answer D

The principal tributaries of the river joining from right are the Lohit, the Dibang, the Subansiri, the Jiabharali, the Dhansiri, the Manas, the Torsa, the Sankosh and the Teesta

Answer C

The G7, originally G8, was set up in 1975 as an informal forum bringing together the leaders of the world’s leading industrial nations.

The major purpose of the G-7 is to discuss and deliberate on international economic issues. It sometimes acts in concert to help resolve other global problems, with a special focus on economic issues.

Solution: B

o (A+B)’s 1 day’s work = (1/11 + 1/20 ) = 31/220 o (A+C)’s 1 day’s work = ( 1/11 + 1/55) = 6/55 o Work done in 2 days by them= ( 31/220 + 6/55) = 55/220 = ¼. o Therefore, Whole work will be done in 8 days

Solution: A

Average speed = Total Distance/Total Time

Let the total distance = D Km Therefore, Time taken to complete first D/4 distance = t1 =(D/4)km/20kmph Time taken to complete second D/4 distance = t2 = (D/4)/10kmph Time taken to complete remaining distance (that is D/2) = t3 = (D/2)/80kmph Therefore, Average speed = Total Distance/Total Time = (D)/(t1+t2+3) = D/(D/80 + D/40 + D/160) = D/(2D + 4D + D)/160 = 160 D / 7D Therefore, Average Speed = 22. 85 kmph

Solution: B

• Let the number of lions = x • We know that the number of tigers in a zoo is three times the number of lions. Hence, the number of tigers = 3x. • Then, x + 3x = 4x = total number of animals. • Thus the total number of animals is a number that must be divisible by 4. • Here, 42 is the only number which is not divisible by 4.

Solution: D •

Initially, the Amount of sugar in Q = 36kg • Now, 24kg of salt is poured in Q, • Total quantity in Q becomes = 36kg (sugar) + 24kg (salt) = 60kg (mixture) • The ratio of salt to sugar in Q becomes = 24 : 36 = 2 : 3 • Now, the Amount of salt in P = 56 – 24 = 32 kg • Again, 20kg of the mixture is taken out from Q and poured into P Therefore, quantity of salt and sugar in P becomes = [32 + 20 * (2/5)] kg of salt + 20 * (3/5) kg of sugar = (32 + 8) kg of salt + 12 kg of sugar = 40 kg of salt + 12 kg of sugar Required ratio = (40/12) = (10/3)

Correct answer: A

It is clear from the passage that the reason for why towns have increased in number is not provided also growth of town is different from increase in numbers of towns. Hence both C and D are wrong. The passage will imply -us that rural economy is already in a major cusp of change. So to tell it will be in future is incorrect. Thus by elimination A is correct. Since non-agricultural settlements have outgrown in numbers. It means rural economy is no more agrarian. Thus A is correct.